"At present it appears that stimulation of the self-defense systems in neural cells is a promising strategy in restricting the progression of AD. .... In this review we selectively present data that support the idea that adaptation to hypoxia is a possible non-drug means in the prevention of AD. In our opinion this strategy may provide a break-through in the clinical approach of this disease."

Recognition and management of complex sleep-disordered breathing.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005 Nov;11(6):485-93.
PMID: 16217173 [PubMed - in process]

Gilmartin GS, Daly RW, Thomas RJ.

"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent rapid evolution of our understanding of the mechanisms involved in control of respiration during sleep has yielded new insights to guide our care of difficult-to-treat sleep apnea patients with complex sleep-disordered breathing. This review will describe these recent advances in the literature and suggest a model for their incorporation into clinical practice......."

Relationships Between Sleep Disordered Breathing and Glucose Metabolism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct 11; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 16219719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tasali E, Van Cauter E, Ehrmann DA.
of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

“Context: Women with PCOS are insulin resistant and are at increased risk for sleep apnea, which in turn, may contribute to insulin resistance. ...... Conclusion: PCOS is associated with poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and increased risk for OSA. Insulin levels and measures of glucose tolerance in PCOS are strongly correlated with the risk and severity of OSA.”

Association Between Sleep Apnea and Death Points to Need to Examine Treatments, Modify Devices (AScribe - USA)

"ROCHESTER, Minn., Nov. 9 (AScribe Newswire) -- In the current issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, two studies draw attention to the newly recognized association between sleep disorders and heart trouble. The relevance of these studies to patients with sleep apnea is discussed in an accompanying editorial by Virend Somers, M.D., Ph.D., a Mayo Clinic cardiologist."

Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Death
H. K. Yaggi and Others
N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 10;353(19):2034-2041.
Abstract  PMID: 16282178

“Background Previous studies have suggested that the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may be an important risk factor for stroke. It has not been determined, however, whether the syndrome is independently related to the risk of stroke or death from any cause after adjustment for other risk factors, including hypertension. ....

Conclusions The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome significantly increases the risk of stroke or death from any cause, and the increase is independent of other risk factors, including hypertension.”

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure
T. D. Bradley and Others
N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 10;353(19):2025-2033.
Abstract |  PMID: 16282177

“Background The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure trial tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would improve the survival rate without heart transplantation of patients who have central sleep apnea and heart failure. ....

Conclusions Although CPAP attenuated central sleep apnea, improved nocturnal oxygenation, increased the ejection fraction, lowered norepinephrine levels, and increased the distance walked in six minutes, it did not affect survival. Our data do not support the use of CPAP to extend life in patients who have central sleep apnea and heart failure.”

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on glucose control in diabetic patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.
Sleep Breath. 2005 Nov 8;:1-5 [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 16283228 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hassaballa HA, Tulaimat A, Herdegen JJ, Mokhlesi B.
Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Deleterious Effects of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on the Heart and Vascular System.
Respiration. 2005 Nov 15; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 16293956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dincer HE, O'neill W
"Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VA Southern Nevada Health Care System, Las Vegas, Nev., USA.

"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, affecting 5-15% of the population. It is characterized by intermittent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep that disrupts normal ventilation and sleep architecture, and is typically associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, and witnessed apneas. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea present risk to the general public safety by causing 8-fold increase in vehicle accidents, and they may themselves also suffer from the physiologic consequences of OSA; these include hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Of these possible cardiovascular consequences, the association between OSA and hypertension has been found to be the most convincing. Although the exact mechanism has not been understood, there is some evidence that OSA is associated with frequent apneas causing mechanical effects on intrathoracic pressure, cardiac function, and intermittent hypoxemia, which may in turn cause endothelial dysfunction and increase in sympathetic drive. Therapy with continuous positive airway pressure has been demonstrated to improve cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in patients with OSA and may reverse the endothelial cell dysfunction. Despite the availability of diagnostic measures and effective treatment, many patients with sleep-disordered breathing remain undiagnosed. Therefore, OSA continues to be a significant health risk both for affected individuals and for thegeneral public. Awareness and timely initiation of an effective treatment may prevent potential deleterious cardiovascular effects of OSA. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel."

Association of Sleep-disordered Breathing and the Occurrence of Stroke.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec 1;172(11):1447-51. Epub 2005 Sep 1.
PMID: 16141444 [PubMed - in process]

Arzt M, Young T, Finn L, Skatrud JB, Bradley TD.

"Conclusions: These data demonstrate a strong association between moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing and prevalent stroke, independent of confounding factors. They also provide the first prospective evidence that sleep-disordered breathing precedes stroke and may contribute to the development of stroke."

Sleep Apnea Increases Stroke Risk (MedPage)

"In the four years after diagnosis people with moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing have nearly 4.5 times the risk of stroke as do people without the condition, according to Douglas Bradley, M.D., director of Toronto General Hospital's Sleep Research Laboratory here."

"The researchers found:

      Without adjustment for other risk factors, the odds ratio for stroke among those with the worst disorder -- compared to the reference group -- was 4.31 (with a 95% confidence interval from 1.31 to 14.15) over any four-year period.

      When age and sex were accounted for, the odds ratio became 4.48 (with the 95% confidence interval from 1.31 to 15.33.)

      Both results were statistically significant at p=0.02."

Researchers link sleep apnea to risk of strokes (CTV.ca, Canada)

"We showed for the first time that if you have sleep apnea, your chance of having a stroke is four times greater than if you have no sleep apnea," Dr. Douglas Bradley, director of the Sleep Research Laboratory at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, told CTV News.

The researchers found that interrupted sleep increases blood pressure, which makes blood more prone to the clots that cause strokes. More than 70 per cent of stroke patients are later found to have sleep apnea."

Sleep apnea linked to higher stroke risk(United Press International)

Study links sleep disorder, stroke (Globe and Mail)

Influence of cardiac function and failure on sleep-disordered breathing: evidence for a causative role.
J Appl Physiol. 2005 Dec;99(6):2433-9. PMID: 16288101 [PubMed - in process]
Caples SM, Wolk R, Somers VK.
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905. somers.virend@mayo.edu).

"Heart failure is an increasingly common public health problem that is strongly linked to both central and obstructive sleep apnea, collectively referred to as sleep-disordered breathing. Much attention has been given to the deleterious effects of sleep-disordered breathing on the failing heart and potential mechanisms by which treatment of sleep-disordered breathing may result in improved cardiac performance and long-term outcomes. However, there is compelling evidence that cardiac dysfunction may contribute to sleep-disordered breathing. Although there is recognized overlap between pathophysiological mechanisms in central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea, data supporting the role of cardiac function are certain forms of central sleep apnea are well established, whereas investigation into the relationship with obstructive sleep apnea is less mature but continues to evolve. This review will examine experimental and observational data that explore possible pathophysiological mechanisms and potential targets for therapy in heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing."

‘Silent’ nighttime acid reflux symptoms can cause poor sleep and sleep apnea October 31, 2005

"HONOLULU — Patients with sleep complaints but no heartburn symptoms suffered episodes of nighttime acid reflux according to research presented at the 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology. In a separate study, researchers found that symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are common and frequently severe in patients with obstructive sleep apnea."

Most GERD symptoms are not due to acid reflux in patients with very low 24-hour acid contact times.
Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Aug;49(7-8):1084-7.
PMID: 15387325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Green BT, O'Connor JB.

"In patients with very low total acid contact times, only 12% of symptoms (typical or atypical) are associated with acid reflux, compared to 86% in patients with very high acid contact times. Younger females are overrepresented in the very low reflux, low SI group."

Causal relationship suggested between reflux and sleep apnea

"The results of a recent study to be presented at the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology suggest that gastroesophageal reflux (GER) of any sort -- not just acid reflux -- may contribute to sleep apnea arousals.   Causal relationship suggested between reflux and sleep apneaOctober 14, 2003 BALTIMORE - The results of ... of Gastroenterology suggest that gastroesophageal reflux (GER) of any sort -- not just acid reflux..."

Marked improvement in nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux in a large cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure.
Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jan 13;163(1):41-5.
PMID: 12523915 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Green BT, Broughton WA, O'Connor JB.

"CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal GER is common in patients with OSA. Treatment with nasal CPAP decreases the frequency of nGER symptoms by 48%. Higher nasal CPAP pressures are associated with greater improvement in nGER."

Predictors of heartburn during sleep in a large prospective cohort study.
Chest. 2005 May;127(5):1658-66.
PMID: 15888843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Fass R, Quan SF, O'Connor GT, Ervin A, Iber C.

"CONCLUSIONS: Heartburn during sleep is very common in the general population. Reports of this type of symptom of GERD are strongly associated with increased BMI, carbonated soft drink consumption, snoring and daytime sleepiness, insomnia, hypertension, asthma, and usage of benzodiazepines. Overall, heartburn during sleep may be associated with sleep complaints and excessive daytime sleepiness."

Sleep and the Aerodigestive Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux (RT Article) William C. Orr, PhD

"Conclusions
There is considerable evidence linking nighttime reflux with severe esophageal damage, respiratory complications, and decrements in quality of life. Sleep disturbances that occur with nocturnal reflux may have serious consequences for the general well-being of patients and their ability to perform well at work or in other roles the next day....."

Correlation between Symptoms and Laryngeal Signs in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.
Laryngoscope. 2005 Nov;115(11):1947-1952.
PMID: 16319603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Qadeer MA, Swoger J, Milstein C, Hicks DM, Ponsky J, Richter JE, Abelson TI, Vaezi MF.

"RESULTS:: Twenty-five of 72 (35%) patients remained unresponsive after 4 months of aggressive acid suppressive therapy. Ten (40%) patients agreed to undergo surgical fundoplication (mean age = 50, male = 4). The most common laryngeal symptoms were sore throat (40%), hoarseness (30%), and cough (20%), whereas the most common signs were medial arytenoid wall erythema/edema (60%), interarytenoid erythema (50%), and arytenoid complex erythema/edema (50%). At 1 year postfundoplication, laryngeal symptoms improved in only 1 of 10 (10%) patient, whereas signs improved in 8 of 10 (80%) patients. CONCLUSIONS:: There appears to be poor correlation between signs and symptoms of LPR, particularly when monitoring therapeutic outcomes. In patients unresponsive to twice-daily proton-pump inhibitor therapy for 4 months, further aggressive therapy is unlikely to bring additional symptomatic benefit."

A nightmare for your body - Los Angeles Times

New studies link obstructive sleep apnea to risks such as brain damage and diabetes. Still, the disorder is often ignored.

"Some people first suspect they have obstructive sleep apnea when their significant other complains about excessive snoring, or tells them they stop breathing many times during the night.

Others figure it out when their daytime sleepiness gets so bad they fall asleep at meetings or have a car accident."

Snoring Related to Obesity, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Chronic Fatigue (AAOHNS)

Many studies have clearly showed that self perception of snoring poorly correlated, and observer perception only moderately correlated, with mean, maximum loudness, and snoring index. Two researchers set out to introduce an objective method of measuring snoring. (American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Foundation Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO)

Sleep Apnea Not Detrimental to Some Young Air Force Personnel (AAOHNS)

A new study finds that young Air Force men and NFL players have some similar qualities. They exercise regularly, often at body-building, they develop muscle mass in the arms and neck; and they may have obstructive sleep apnea, a disease that can be debilitating and even fatal. (American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO)

Pillar Procedure Safe, Effective for Snoring, and Bed Partner Recommended (AAOHNS)

A variety of outpatient surgical procedures have undergone evaluation for the treatment of snoring, including laser assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, radiofrequency treatment to the soft palate, injection snoreplasty, and the newest treatment, palatal implants made of polyethylene terephthalate palatal, the Pillar(r) implants. (American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO)

Gastric Reflux High in Patients with Sleep Disorders (AAOHNS)

Obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux, and laryngopharyngeal reflux may have dangerous consequences if they persist undiagnosed or untreated. Researchers have initiated a study to examine the prevalence of GERD and LPR in patients diagnosed with breathing-related sleep disorders. (American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO)

Craniofacial profile in Asian and white subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea -- Lam et al. 60 (6): 504 -- Thorax

“Conclusions: A crowded posterior oropharynx and a steep thyromental plane predict OSA across two different ethnic groups and varying degrees of obesity.”

Tracheal and neck position influence upper airway airflow dynamics by altering airway length.
J Appl Physiol. 1993 Nov;75(5):2084-90.

Entrez PubMed: Acquired laryngeal deviation associated with cervical spine disease in erosive polyarticular arthritis. Use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in rheumatoid disease.

Entrez PubMed: [Deviation and rotation of the larynx in computer tomography]   Shibusawa M, Yano K.

Entrez PubMed:[Deviation and rotation of the larynx in computer tomography] Shibusawa M, Yano K.

“Seventy one percent of the subjects' larynges deviated and/or rotated to the right side, while 17% to the left side. Six percent showed neither deviation nor rotation. As to the rest of 6%, deviation and rotation were in opposite directions. Besides, the length of the thyroid alae were measured in 282 subjects. Left ala was longer in 55%, and right was in 23%, and almost equal in 22%.”

Vocal Cord Dysfunction: A Thorough Review (UTMB Department of Otolaryngology)  

All That Wheezes Is Not Asthma: Diagnosing the Mimics (Emergency Medicine)
By Francisco J. Soto, MD, and Kalpalatha K. Guntupalli, MD  

"Especially when the standard therapy for asthma has failed to produce improvement, the clinician should be alert to signs of other conditions that can closely resemble asthma, ranging from congestive heart failure to vocal cord dysfunction."

The trachea: normal anatomic features, imaging and causes of displacement. (NIH.GOV)

Effect of tracheal and tongue displacement on upper airway airflow dynamics(NIH.GOV)

Neuromuscular activity and upper airway collapsibility. Mechanisms of action in the decerebrate cat.(NIH.GOV) 

Structural basis for alterations in upper airway collapsibility. (NIH.GOV)  

Epiglottic movements during breathing in humans (NIH.GOV)

National Jewish Medical and Research Center

Diseases - Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) -

About Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD)

Learn the basics:

What is vocal cord dysfunction?

What are the symptoms of VCD?

What happens in VCD?

Management and Treatment of Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD)

How is vocal cord dysfunction diagnosed?

What things can trigger symptoms?

Relationships to Other Conditions Asthma is often associated with other conditions: allergies, sinusitis, VCD (vocal cord dysfunction) and GERD (gastgroespohageal reflux disease).

Environmental and Occupational Health-Associated Vocal Cord Dysfunction

SLEEP DISORDERS-Medfacts-National Jewish Medical and Research Center

Oxygen and Fibromyalgia

A Snapshot of Fibromyalgia

THE OXYGEN MODEL OF CANCER

Tired Children, Teenagers in Pain

Majid Ali's Aging Healthfully Virtual Library

Journal of Respiratory Diseases: When to suspect vocal cord dysfunction as a cause of wheezing: in what circumstances should .

Apnea, Sleep : Article by Ralph Downey III, PhD -eMedicine -

Sleep Apnea Associated with Stomach Acid Backflow into Throat medicalnewstoday.com

Respiratory Physiology (WA & WFSA)

The Physiology of Oxygen Delivery

Vocal Cord Dysfunction: A Thorough Review (UTMB Department of Otolaryngology)

Vocal Cord Dysfunction in Patients With Exertional Dyspnea* -- Morris et al. 116 (6): 1676 -- Chest

Pulmonary-Function Testing in Diagnosing Upper-Airway Obstruction
 Pulmonary function testing provides an effective way of testing upper airway obstruction
(rtmagazine.com)

"Dr. Quinn's Online Textbook of Otolaryngology: Grand Rounds Archive"

Vocal Cord Dysfunction: A Thorough Review (UTMB Department of Otolaryngology)

Correlation between Symptoms and Laryngeal Signs in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.
Laryngoscope. 2005 Nov;115(11):1947-1952. PMID: 16319603

The upper airway in sleep: physiology of the pharynx (NY U. School of Medicine)

All That Wheezes Is Not Asthma: Diagnosing the Mimics (Emergency Medicine)
By Francisco J. Soto, MD, and Kalpalatha K. Guntupalli, MD

"Especially when the standard therapy for asthma has failed to produce improvement, the clinician should be alert to signs of other conditions that can closely resemble asthma, ranging from congestive heart failure to vocal cord dysfunction."

The trachea: normal anatomic features, imaging and causes of displacement. (NIH.GOV)

Effect of tracheal and tongue displacement on upper airway airflow dynamics
(NIH.GOV)

Neuromuscular activity and upper airway collapsibility. Mechanisms of action in the decerebrate cat.(NIH.GOV)

Structural basis for alterations in upper airway collapsibility. (NIH.GOV)

MAP - Literatuur - Inhalt

Epiglottic movements during breathing in humans (NIH.GOV)

Upper airway response to electrical stimulation of the genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea -- Oliven et al. 95 (5): 2023 .

Effect of hypertension on upper airway function and sleep apnoea.

A Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Normal Humans . Role of the Upper Airway -- KING et al. 161 (6): 1979 (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,)

Home Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review of the Literature: An Evidence Review Cosponsored by the American Academy

Analysis of tracheal mechanics and applications -- Holzhäuser and Lambert 91 (1): 290 -- Journal of Applied Physiology

Chest: Effects of intermittent negative pressure ventilation on effective ventilation in normal awake subjects

Childhood snoring tied to poor school performance

The Effect of Chronic or Intermittent Hypoxia on Cognition in Childhood: A Review of the Evidence -- Bass et al. 114 (3): 805.

Children's sleeping habits linked to behaviour
Globe and Mail - Toronto,Ontario,Canada

"... they receive treatment for their sleep-related breathing ... Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota recently ... with a device to measure blood pressure and body ... "

Polysomnography and Sleep Disorders
Anthony Murro, M.D.
Department of Neurology
Medical College of Georgia

For the Practitioner - Sleep Apnea Information - American Sleep Apnea Association - ASAA

the American Sleep Apnea Association Brochure

Sleep Apnea Action Handbook

[PDF] Obstructive Sleep Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Apnea in Adults and Children View as HTML

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis and Treatment [PDF] View as HTML

Pregnancy - Miscarriage and Loss: Sleep apnea: Any miscarriage connection? at Pregnancy & Baby

Study: treating sleep apnea may combat asthma

Loud snorers risk sudden death at night

"Somers and his coworkers reviewed the medical records of 112 people who had undergone sleep tests at the clinic and had died suddenly of heart-related causes. Of them, 78 had sleep apnea and 34 did not."

Snoring in kids may predict hyperactivity - Children's Health - MSNBC.com

"WASHINGTON - Young children who snore could be at greater risk of becoming hyperactive later than those who sleep quietly, U.S. researchers reported on Friday."

Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Insulin Resistance Linked (Pulmonary Reviews)

Insulin Resistance and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is Increased Sympathetic Stimulation the Link?

Sleep-disordered Breathing and Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged and overweight men (RUSH Pulmonary and Critical Care)

Unusual manifestations in primary hypothyroidism. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;116:169-87. Related Articles

Google Search: longitudinal tension trachea

Airway Physiology and Reflexes (Dept. of Otolaryngology, UTMB)

Maximum expiratory flow changes induced by longitudinal tension on trachea in normal subjects.
J Appl Physiol. 1977 Sep;43(3):537-44 (Entrez PubMed)

Influence of smooth muscle tone and longitudinal tension on the collapsibility of immature airways.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 1988;5(3):132-8.(Entrez PubMed)

Neuromuscular Activity and Upper Airway Collapsibility . Mechanisms of Action in the Decerebrate Cat -- ROWLEY et al. 156 (2).

The Hypotonic Upper Airway in Obstructive Sleep Apnea . Role of Structures and Neuromuscular Activity -- SCHWARTZ et al. 157 .

Google Search: longitudinal tension trachea

Craniofacial profile in Asian and white subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea -- Lam et al. 60 (6): 504 -- Thorax

"Conclusions: A crowded posterior oropharynx and a steep thyromental plane predict OSA across two different ethnic groups and varying degrees of obesity.^"

Tracheal and neck position influence upper airway airflow dynamics by altering airway length.
J Appl Physiol. 1993 Nov;75(5):2084-90.

"We conclude that alterations in airflow mechanics with caudal tracheal displacement and changes in neck positions are primarily due to alterations in airway length."

Acquired laryngeal deviation associated with cervical spine disease in erosive polyarticular arthritis. Use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in rheumatoid disease.

Deviation and rotation of the larynx in computer tomography

Helical CT scanning of laryngeal deviation.

Pro: Sleep Apnea Is an Anatomic Disorder -- Schwab 168 (3): 270 -- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

The Hypotonic Upper Airway in Obstructive Sleep Apnea . Role of Structures and Neuromuscular Activity -- SCHWARTZ et al. 157 .

The relationship between neck circumference, radiographic pharyngeal anatomy, and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome -- Da. (ERS Journals Ltd)

"We conclude that the relationships between general obesity, hyoid position, soft palate length, and OSA are probably secondary to variation in neck circumference."

A MODEL OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN NORMAL HUMANS -- Stanescu et al. 163 (4): 1031 -- American Journal of Respiratory and C.

A Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Normal Humans . Role of the Upper Airway -- KING et al. 161 (6): 1979 -- American Journ.

Physiological and pathophysiological implications of upper airway reflexes in humans.
Jpn J Physiol. 2000 Feb;50(1):3-14. Review. Nishino T

Hypoxic apnoea induced by N2 inhalation can be reversed by the aspiration reflex in anaesthetized cats.

 Respir Med. 1991 Jan;85 Suppl A:61-5.

Reversal of apnoea by aspiration reflex in anaesthetized cats.
Eur Respir J. 1991 Oct;4(9):1117-25 Related Articles

[Clinical neurological findings in brain-dead patients] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1993 Dec;33(12):1321-4. Review. Japanese.

Laryngeal inputs in defensive airway reflexes in humans.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2004;17(6):377-81. Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, and cardiopulmonary disease.
Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 1;9:2892-900.

[Respiratory functions of the upper airway with special reference to physiological implications of respiratory disease] Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Jan;28(1):3-4.

Rapid development of obstructive sleep apnea following hemidiaphragmatic and unilateral vocal cord paralysis as a complication of mediastinal surgery (American College of Chest Physicians)

Teens Getting High Without Drugs

Cluster Headache With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Move. (Blackwell Synergy: Headache, Vol 45, Issue 1, pp. 81-83)

Pain and Sleep Apnea - American Sleep Apnea Association - ASAA

One Third Of Epilepsy Patients Found To Have Sleep Apnea
Finding hints at broader issues in understanding of sleep and brain function

The Sleep Site: FIBROMYALGIA, BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND
HEADACHES ARE OFTEN RELATED TO TREATABLE
SLEEP PROBLEMS!

District judge removed from office (AP)

"HARRISBURG, Pa. - A district judge who blamed his bad behavior on sleep apnea was removed from office Tuesday for inappropriate conduct, failing to cooperate with investigators and showing a lack of remorse."

Officer Who Slept in Crisis Resigns
Thomas Bissett, 42, says he suffers from a sleep disorder.

"Groundbreaking study helps explain why preemie brains improve over time

"Groundbreaking study helps explain why preemie brains improve over time Infants born prematurely and with hypoxia--inadequate oxygen to the blood--are able to recover some cells, volume and weight in the brain after oxygen supply is restored, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in Experimental Neurology."

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of vocal cord closure during deglutition.
Gastroenterology. 1995 Sep;109(3):843-9.
PMID: 7657113 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Laryngeal response during forced vital capacity maneuvers in normal adult humans
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 150: 729-734. [Abstract]

Glottic aperture and effective minute ventilation during nasal two- level positive pressure ventilation in spontaneous mode
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154: 1857-1863. [Abstract]

National Institutes of Health:
Sleep Information for Health Care Professionals, NHLBI

Sleep Apnea: Is Your Patient at Risk?(pdf)

Sleep Apnea Video PSA [QuickTime Format 2179 Kb]

SLEEP PROBLEMS MAY BE CAUSING YOUR WEIGHT GAIN (www.apneanet.org)

NHLBI, Obesity Guidelines-Home Page

Think Tank on Enhancing Obesity Research at the NHLBI

Executive Summary [PDF document, 44 pages, 208 K,

Full Report [PDF document, 88 pages, 728 K, NIH Publication No.: 04-5249

The National Sleep Foundation

Can't Sleep? / Myths -- and Facts -- About Sleep

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Articles (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)

Google Search: Hypoxia +Rheumatoid

Google Search INSULIN OBESITY APNEA HYPOXIA

Google Search: hypoxia +pain

Google Search: Hypoxia AND  Blood Viscosity

Medscape Expert Interview with Dr. John Sarno, Part I

Medscape Expert Interview with Dr. John Sarno, Part II

University of Chicago Hospitals: University of Chicago scientists pinpoint cellular cause of SIDS - July 8, 2004

"In the July 8, 2004, issue of the journal Neuron, the researchers describe the specific group of neurons that are responsible for gasping and what happens to these cells when they are deprived of oxygen. Since gasping resets the normal breathing pattern for babies, the scientists suspect that a malfunction in these respiratory pacemakers is the cellular mechanism that leads to SIDS......."Gasping is an important arousal or auto-resuscitation mechanism," Ramirez says. It resets a baby's normal breathing rhythm and also alerts the baby as well as the mother that something is wrong."

Differential contribution of pacemaker properties to the generation of respiratory rhythms during normoxia and hypoxia.
Neuron. 2004 Jul 8;43(1):105-17. PMID: 15233921 Pena F, Parkis MA, Tryba AK, Ramirez JM.

Pacemaker neurons and neuronal networks: an integrative view.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2004 Dec;14(6):665-74. Review.
PMID: 15582367 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ramirez JM, Tryba AK, Pena F.
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Committees on Neurobiology, Computational Neuroscience and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. jramire@uchicago.edu

"Rhythmically active neuronal networks give rise to rhythmic motor activities but also to seemingly non-rhythmic behaviors such as sleep, arousal, addiction, memory and cognition. Many of these networks contain pacemaker neurons."

Determinants of inspiratory activity.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 Jul 28;147(2-3):145-57. Review.
PMID: 15964786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ramirez JM, Viemari JC.

"We hypothesize that the balance between synaptic and intrinsic pacemaker properties in the respiratory network is plastic, and that alterations of this balance may lead to dynamic reconfigurations of the respiratory network, which ultimately give rise to different activity patterns."

NO-mediated alterations in skeletal muscle nutritive blood flow and lactate metabolism in fibromyalgia.
Pain. 2005 Dec 20; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 16376018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

"In conclusion: (1) There is reduced nutritive flow response to aerobic exercise and reduced maximal exercise time in FM that might relate to higher iNOS protein content and contribute to exertional fatigue in FM; (2) The increased dialysate lactate in FM in response to stimulation of NOS or a nitric oxide donor suggest that FM may be more sensitive than HC to the suppressive effect of nitric oxide on oxidative phosphorylation."

ZHT v "common pathways", causes or results, "compensatory response"
	1: Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY, Daniel SM, Doux JD. Related Articles, Links Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: a model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(2):263-9. PMID: 15905045 [PubMed - in process] "Apparently disparate conditions such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, syndrome X, obesity, ADHD, depression, psychosis, sleep apnea, inflammation, autism, and schizophrenia may operate through common pathways, and treatments used exclusively for one of these conditions may prove beneficial for the others." 2: Yun AJ, Doux JD, Bazar KA, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Adventitial dysfunction: an evolutionary model for understanding atherosclerosis. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(5):962-5. PMID: 16117998 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Doux JD, Bazar KA, Lee PY, Yun AJ. Related Articles, Links Can chronic use of anti-inflammatory agents paradoxically promote chronic inflammation through compensatory host response? Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(2):389-91. PMID: 15922118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 6: Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Gerber A, Lee PY, Daniel SM. Related Articles, Links The dynamic range of biologic functions and variation of many environmental cues may be declining in the modern age: implications for diseases and therapeutics. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(1):173-8. Epub 2005 Jan 5. PMID: 15893136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 7: Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links "Starve a fever and feed a cold": feeding and anorexia may be adaptive behavioral modulators of autonomic and T helper balance. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(6):1080-4. Review. PMID: 15823688 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8: Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Lee PY, Gerber A, Daniel SM. Related Articles, Links The smoking gun: many conditions associated with tobacco exposure may be attributable to paradoxical compensatory autonomic responses to nicotine. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(6):1073-9. Review. PMID: 15823687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "We hypothesize that the illnesses associated with smoking may be partly attributable to autonomic dysfunction, sympathetic bias, and T helper (Th)2 inflammation induced by a paradoxical compensatory response to intermittent nicotinic exposure. The confusion of interpreting the adrenergia and inflammation associated with nicotine as a primary response instead of a secondary compensation may be explained by the unusually rapid absorption, action, and serum elimination of nicotine. Given the fast action and clearance of nicotine, even heavy smokers spend large portions of the day and the entire night in nicotine withdrawal, at which time rebound sympathetic bias may manifest as a result of desensitization of nicotinic receptors." 9: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Paradoxical strategy for treating chronic diseases where the therapeutic effect is derived from compensatory response rather than drug effect. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(5):1050-9. PMID: 15780510 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Can thromboembolism be the result, rather than the inciting cause, of acute vascular events such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, mesenteric ischemia, and venous thrombosis?: a maladaptation of the prehistoric trauma response. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(4):706-16. PMID: 15694686 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Clinical benefits of hydration and volume expansion in a wide range of illnesses may be attributable to reduction of sympatho-vagal ratio. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):646-50. PMID: 15617881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12: Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links A new mechanism for diverticular diseases: aging-related vagal withdrawal. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(2):252-5. PMID: 15607549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 13: Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Pineal attrition, loss of cognitive plasticity, and onset of puberty during the teen years: is it a modern maladaptation exposed by evolutionary displacement? Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(6):939-50. PMID: 15504560 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 14: Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Debunking a myth: neurohormonal and vagal modulation of sleep centers, not redistribution of blood flow, may account for postprandial somnolence. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(5):778-82. PMID: 15488646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: Bazar KA, Lee PY, Joon Yun A. Related Articles, Links An "eye" in the gut: the appendix as a sentinel sensory organ of the immune intelligence network. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(4):752-8. PMID: 15325028 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Modulation of host immunity by HIV may be partly achieved through usurping host autonomic functions. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(2):362-6. PMID: 15236804 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 17: Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy may be a marker of underlying sympathetic bias. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(2):357-61. PMID: 15236803 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 18: Joon Yun A, Bazar KA, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Tumors may modulate host immunity partly through hypoxia-induced sympathetic bias. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(2):352-6. PMID: 15236802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 19: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Modulation of autonomic balance by tumors and viruses. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(2):344-51. PMID: 15236801 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 20: Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Autonomic dysfunction may be an under-recognized cause of female fertility disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(1):172-7. PMID: 15193372 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 21: Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY. Related Articles, Links Immunomodulatory function of seminal catecholamines may be an adaptation for reproduction. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(1):168-71. PMID: 15193371 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 22: Lee PY, Bazar KA, Yun AJ. Related Articles, Links Menstrual variation of autonomic balance may be a factor in exacerbations of certain diseases during the menstrual cycle. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(1):163-7. PMID: 15193370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 23: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Temporal variation of autonomic balance and diseases during circadian, seasonal, reproductive, and lifespan cycles. Med Hypotheses. 2004;63(1):155-62. PMID: 15193369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 24: Lee PY, Yun AJ, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Conditions of aging as manifestations of sympathetic bias unmasked by loss of parasympathetic function. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(6):868-70. PMID: 15142638 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 25: Lee PY, Yun AJ, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Acute coronary syndromes and heart failure may reflect maladaptations of trauma physiology that was shaped during pre-modern evolution. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(6):861-7. PMID: 15142637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 26: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Autonomic dysregulation as a basis of cardiovascular, endocrine, and inflammatory disturbances associated with obstructive sleep apnea and other conditions of chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(6):852-6. PMID: 15142635 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 27: Yun AJ, Lee PY, Bazar KA. Related Articles, Links Many diseases may reflect dysfunctions of autonomic balance attributable to evolutionary displacement. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(6):847-51. PMID: 15142634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 28: Bazar KA, Khavari P. Related Articles, Links Multiple asymptomatic papules in the popliteal fossa. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jun;134(6):745, 747-8. No abstract available. PMID: 9645649 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
	1: Wolk R, Shamsuzzaman AS, Svatikova A, Huyber CM, Huck C, Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. Related Articles, Links Hemodynamic and autonomic effects of smokeless tobacco in healthy young men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;45(6):910-4. PMID: 15766828 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "CONCLUSIONS: Oral snuff tobacco increases heart rate, blood pressure, and epinephrine. Despite the increase in blood pressure, there is no decrease in either MSNA or peripheral vascular resistance. Smokeless tobacco is a powerful autonomic and hemodynamic stimulus. Catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla likely contributes to this response." 2: Black CE, Huang N, Neligan PC, Levine RH, Lipa JE, Lintlop S, Forrest CR, Pang CY. Related Articles, Links Effect of nicotine on vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in human skin vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Oct;281(4):R1097-104. PMID: 11557615 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 3: Hirsch JM, Hedner J, Wernstedt L, Lundberg J, Hedner T. Related Articles, Links Hemodynamic effects of the use of oral snuff. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992 Oct;52(4):394-401. PMID: 1424411 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: McPhaul M, Punzi HA, Sandy A, Borganelli M, Rude R, Kaplan NM. Related Articles, Links Snuff-induced hypertension in pheochromocytoma. JAMA. 1984 Nov 23-30;252(20):2860-2. PMID: 6541713 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: Mills PJ, Kennedy BP, Loredo JS, Dimsdale JE, Ziegler MG. Related Articles, Links Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and oxygen supplementation on norepinephrine kinetics and cardiovascular responses in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jan;100(1):343-8. PMID: 16357087 [PubMed - in process] "The findings indicate that one of the mechanisms through which CPAP reduces NE levels is through an increase in the clearance of NE from the circulation." 3: Alvarez Lario B, Alonso Valdivielso JL, Alegre Lopez J, Martel Soteres C, Viejo Banuelos JL, Maranon Cabello A. Related Articles, Links Fibromyalgia syndrome: overnight falls in arterial oxygen saturation. Am J Med. 1996 Jul;101(1):54-60. PMID: 8686716 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FS showed small overnight falls in SaO2% and spent more time during the night in SaO2% below 92% and 90% than did the control group. These alterations that, as a whole, are not due to the presence of an associated SAS could be important in FS musculoskeletal pathophysiology." 1: Selic C, Siccoli MM, Hermann DM, Bassetti CL. Related Articles, Links Blood pressure evolution after acute ischemic stroke in patients with and without sleep apnea. Stroke. 2005 Dec;36(12):2614-8. Epub 2005 Nov 10. PMID: 16282549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sleep apnea (SA) is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension and is present in 50% to 70% of patients with ischemic stroke. The effects of SA on blood pressure (BP) and stroke outcome in the acute stroke phase are essentially unknown. ......CONCLUSIONS: SA severity is associated with high 24-hour BP values but only weakly with stroke severity and outcome. Conversely, NDS is linked with a more severe stroke and a poorer evolution but not with SA severity. These data suggest different, although overlapping, pathophysiological and clinical implications of circadian and nocturnal BP values in acute stroke." 1: Meadows GE, Kotajima F, Vazir A, Kostikas K, Simonds AK, Morrell MJ, Corfield DR. Related Articles, Links Overnight changes in the cerebral vascular response to isocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia in healthy humans: protection against stroke. Stroke. 2005 Nov;36(11):2367-72. Epub 2005 Oct 13. PMID: 16224083 [PubMed - in process] "CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that substantial differences exist in the regulation of the cerebral circulation in response to hypoxia and hypercapnia on waking from sleep. An intact cerebral vascular response to IH, during this time period, could be interpreted as a protective mechanism against cerebral ischemia and stroke; this is of particular relevance to patients with obstructive sleep apnea who arouse from sleep during hypoxia."
	More Apnea results from ahajournals.org of "the American Heart Association."
	11: Cistulli PA, Grunstein RR. Related Articles, Links Medical devices for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2005 Nov;2(6):749-63. PMID: 16293102 [PubMed - in process] "......The discovery of continuous positive airway pressure treatment, and the resultant recognition of the high prevalence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea, and their impact on health, has spawned a new and rapidly growing global industry. Whilst diagnostic technologic advancements have evolved relatively rapidly, many questions relating to the use of such devices in clinical practice remain unresolved. Similarly, on the therapeutic front, advances in continuous positive airway pressure technology have broadened the use of such treatment, although compliance remains an important impediment to widespread treatment of this common disorder. This has prompted a search for simpler treatment alternatives, ranging from surgical, medical and dental therapies, although none have matched the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure. Advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of sleep and respiration herald the prospect of pharmacologic treatment in the longer term." 1: Johansson SE, Sundquist K, Qvist J, Sundquist J. Related Articles, Links Smokeless tobacco and coronary heart disease: a 12-year follow-up study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005 Aug;12(4):387-92. PMID: 16079648 [PubMed - in process] 2: Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Related Articles, Links Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005 May;16(4):347-58. PMID: 15953977 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "CONCLUSIONS: These two prospective studies provide limited evidence that current use of chewing tobacco or snuff may increase mortality from heart disease and stroke." 6: Metules T, Bauer J. Related Articles, Links Unstable angina: is your care up to snuff? RN. 2005 Feb;68(2):22-7; quiz 28. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 15736768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 7: Levy DT, Mumford EA, Cummings KM, Gilpin EA, Giovino G, Hyland A, Sweanor D, Warner KE. Related Articles, Links The relative risks of a low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco product compared with smoking cigarettes: estimates of a panel of experts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Dec;13(12):2035-42. PMID: 15598758 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8: Critchley JA, Unal B. Related Articles, Links Is smokeless tobacco a risk factor for coronary heart disease? A systematic review of epidemiological studies. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Apr;11(2):101-12. Review. PMID: 15187813 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 9: Rohani M, Agewall S. Related Articles, Links Oral snuff impairs endothelial function in healthy snuff users. J Intern Med. 2004 Mar;255(3):379-83. PMID: 14871462 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: Asplund K. Related Articles, Links [Use of snuff entails lower risk of cardiovascular diseases than does smoking] Lakartidningen. 2003 Jun 19;100(25):2206-10. Review. Swedish. PMID: 12872508 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Asplund K. Related Articles, Links Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Mar-Apr;45(5):383-94. Review. PMID: 12704595 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Black CE, Huang N, Neligan PC, Levine RH, Lipa JE, Lintlop S, Forrest CR, Pang CY. Related Articles, Links Effect of nicotine on vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in human skin vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Oct;281(4):R1097-104. PMID: 11557615 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "It was observed that nicotine (10(-7) M) amplified (P < 0.05) the norepinephrine (NE)-induced concentration-dependent (10(-7)-10(-5) M) increase in skin vasoconstriction compared with the control. This amplification effect of nicotine in NE-induced skin vasoconstriction was not blocked by the nicotine-receptor antagonist hexamethonium (10(-6) M) or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-5) M). ........ The present findings were interpreted to indicate that acute exposure of human skin vasculature to nicotine was associated with 1) amplification of NE-induced skin vasoconstriction and 2) impairment of endothelium-dependent skin vasorelaxation. Cyclooxygenase products and nicotine receptors blocked by hexamethonium were not involved in the amplification of NE-induced skin vasoconstriction by nicotine. These findings may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of skin vasospasm in skin flap surgery and skin ischemic disease associated with cigarette smoking or use of smokeless tobacco." 1: Bonsignore MR, Parati G, Insalaco G, Castiglioni P, Marrone O, Romano S, Salvaggio A, Mancia G, Bonsignore G, Di Rienzo M. Links Baroreflex control of heart rate during sleep in severe obstructive sleep apnoea: effects of acute CPAP. Eur Respir J. 2006 Jan;27(1):128-135. PMID: 16387945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "The small increase in baroreflex control of heart rate during sleep may be of clinical relevance as it was accompanied by reduced cardiovascular variability, which is acknowledged as an independent cardiovascular risk factor." 2: Borgel J, Sanner BM, Bittlinsky A, Keskin F, Bartels NK, Buechner N, Huesing A, Rump LC, Mugge A. Links Obstructive sleep apnoea and its therapy influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels. Eur Respir J. 2006 Jan;27(1):121-127. PMID: 16387944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "An independent relationship was found between the change of apnoea-hypopnoea index and the change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides, respectively. All patients with abnormal serum lipid/lipoprotein levels improved significantly under bilevel or continuous positive airway pressure therapy. This study demonstrates an influence of obstructive sleep apnoea and its therapy on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels." 3: Del Campo F, Hornero R, Zamarron C, Abasolo DE, Alvarez D. Links Oxygen saturation regularity analysis in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Artif Intell Med. 2005 Dec 27; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16386411 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "CONCLUSION: We conclude that ApEn analysis of SaO(2) data obtained from pulse oximetric recordings could be useful as a diagnostic technique for OSA subjects." 8: Cherniack NS, Longobardo G, Evangelista CJ. Related Articles, Links Causes of cheyne - stokes respiration. Neurocrit Care. 2005;3(3):271-9. PMID: 16377843 [PubMed - in process] "Cheyne - Stokes respiration (CSR) is one of several types of unusual breathing with recurrent apneas (dysrhythmias). Reported initially in patients with heart failure or stroke, it was then recognized both in other diseases and as a component of the sleep apnea syndrome. CSR is potentiated and perpetuated by changing states of arousal that occur during sleep. The recurrent hypoxia and surges of sympathetic activity that often occur during the apneas may have serious health consequences. Heart failure and stroke are risk factors for sleep apnea. The recurrent apneas and intermittent hypoxia occurring with sleep apnea further damage the heart and brain. Although all breathing dysrhythmias do not have the same cause, instability in the feedback control involved in the chemical regulation of breathing is the leading cause of CSR. Mathematical models have helped greatly in the understanding of the causes of recurrent apneas." 8: Rowat AM, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Links Hypoxaemia in Acute Stroke Is Frequent and Worsens Outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005 Dec 23;21(3):166-172 [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16388191 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "Conclusion: Hypoxaemia during acute stroke assessment was associated with increased risk of death. Although SaO(2) is lower during transfers, hypoxaemia occurs in all stages of the admission process. Further research is necessary to determine whether strategies to avoid hypoxaemia during acute assessment improve stroke survival." 6: Carriere A, Galinier A, Fernandez Y, Carmona MC, Penicaud L, Casteilla L. Links [Physiological and physiopathological consequences of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.] Med Sci (Paris). 2005 Dec;22(1):47-53. French. PMID: 16386220 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 10: Blohm U, Potthoff D, van der Kogel AJ, Pircher H. Links Solid tumors "melt" from the inside after successful CD8 T cell attack. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Dec 30; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16385625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 11: Sheng WH, Chiang BL, Chang SC, Ho HN, Wang JT, Chen YC, Hsiao CH, Hseuh PR, Chie WC, Yang PC. Links Clinical manifestations and inflammatory cytokine responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005 Oct;104(10):715-23. PMID: 16385373 [PubMed - in process] 2: Spaak J, Egri ZJ, Kubo T, Yu E, Ando S, Kaneko Y, Usui K, Bradley TD, Floras JS. Related Articles, Links Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during wakefulness in heart failure patients with and without sleep apnea. Hypertension. 2005 Dec;46(6):1327-32. Epub 2005 Nov 14. PMID: 16286569 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "......In a subgroup (n=8), treatment of obstructive sleep apnea lowered MSNA by 12 bursts per 100 heartbeats (P=0.003). Convergence of independent excitatory influences of HF and sleep apnea on central sympathetic neurons results in higher MSNA during wakefulness in HF patients with coexisting sleep apnea. This additional stimulus to central sympathetic outflow may accelerate the progression of HF; its attenuation by treatment of sleep apnea represents a novel nonpharmacological opportunity." 1: Otsuka R, Ribeiro de Almeida F, Lowe AA, Linden W, Ryan F. Links The effect of oral appliance therapy on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2006 Jan 4;:1-8 [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16391938 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "This study suggests that successful OSA treatment with an OA may also be beneficial to lower blood pressure in OSA patients, as previously suggested for nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy." 1: Billups KL. Links Erectile dysfunction as an early sign of cardiovascular disease. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S19-24. PMID: 16391539 [PubMed - in process] "The diagnosis of ED could become a powerful clinical tool to improve early detection of atherosclerosis and initiate prompt aggressive medical management of associated cardiovascular risk factors. International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S19-S24. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901425." 1: Chen ML, Tablizo MA, Kun S, Keens TG. Related Articles, Links Diaphragm pacers as a treatment for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2005 Sep;2(5):577-85. Review. PMID: 16293069 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: D'Andrea MR. Related Articles, Links Add Alzheimer's disease to the list of autoimmune diseases. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):458-63. PMID: 15617848 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Abrams B. Related Articles, Links Long-term sleep apnea as a pathogenic factor for cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(6):1024-7. Epub 2005 Aug 5. PMID: 16084665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Jyothula SS, Ramachandran S. Related Articles, Links Reversible ventricular arrhythmia in REM sleep associated with hypoxic sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med. 2006 Jan;7(1):81-2. Epub 2005 Nov 28. No abstract available. PMID: 16314147 [PubMed - in process] 1: Goncalves MA, Guilleminault C, Ramos E, Palha A, Paiva T. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nasal CPAP treatment. Sleep Med. 2005 Jul;6(4):333-9. PMID: 15946896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "CONCLUSIONS: ED in OSAS is related to nocturnal hypoxemia, and about 75% of OSAS patients with ED treated with nasal CPAP showed remission at one-month follow-up, resulting in significant improvement in quality of life." 2: Margel D, Tal R, Livne PM, Pillar G. Related Articles, Links Predictors of erectile function improvement in obstructive sleep apnea patients with long-term CPAP treatment. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;17(2):186-90. PMID: 15510189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 3: Perimenis P, Karkoulias K, Markou S, Gyftopoulos K, Athanasopoulos A, Barbalias G, Kiriazopoulou V, Spiropoulos K. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a randomized study of the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure. Int J Impot Res. 2004 Jun;16(3):256-60. PMID: 15057257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Karacan I, Karatas M. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction in sleep apnea and response to CPAP. J Sex Marital Ther. 1995 Winter;21(4):239-47. PMID: 8789505 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Hirshkowitz M, Schmidt MH. Related Articles, Links Sleep-related erections: clinical perspectives and neural mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev. 2005 Aug;9(4):311-29. Review. PMID: 15994100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 3: Yu DP, Wei AY, Zhan JC, Zhang P. Related Articles, Links [Obstructive sleep apnea and erectile dysfunction] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Jan 12;85(2):141-2. Review. Chinese. No abstract available. PMID: 15774230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Feinsilver SH. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction in obese men. JAMA. 2004 Nov 24;292(20):2466-7; author reply 2467. No abstract available. PMID: 15562119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 6: Li F, Feng Q, Zhang X, Liu Q. Related Articles, Links [Treatment for erectile dysfunction patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by nasal continual positive airway pressure] Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2004 May;10(5):355-7. Chinese. PMID: 15190828 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8: Margel D, Cohen M, Livne PM, Pillar G. Related Articles, Links Severe, but not mild, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2004 Mar;63(3):545-9. PMID: 15028455 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 9: Siroky MB, Azadzoi KM. Related Articles, Links Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: newer therapeutic strategies. J Urol. 2003 Aug;170(2 Pt 2):S24-9; discussion S29-30. Review. PMID: 12853769 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: Arruda-Olson AM, Olson LJ, Nehra A, Somers VK. Related Articles, Links Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Implications for understanding erectile dysfunction. Herz. 2003 Jun;28(4):298-303. PMID: 12825145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Ziegler D. Related Articles, Links Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2001 Dec;1(3):216-27. Review. PMID: 12643202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12: Tomori Z, Donic V, Benacka R, Kuchta M, Koval S, Jakus J. Related Articles, Links [Regulation of respiration and its sleep-related disorders] Sb Lek. 2002;103(1):65-71. Slovak. PMID: 12448939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 13: Seftel AD, Strohl KP, Loye TL, Bayard D, Kress J, Netzer NC. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction and symptoms of sleep disorders. Sleep. 2002 Sep 15;25(6):643-7. PMID: 12227360 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 14: Fanfulla F, Malaguti S, Montagna T, Salvini S, Bruschi C, Crotti P, Casale R, Rampulla C. Related Articles, Links Erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea: an early sign of nerve involvement. Sleep. 2000 Sep 15;23(6):775-81. PMID: 11007444 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ, Lording DW, Stuckey B, Zajac JD. Related Articles, Links Use, misuse and abuse of androgens. The Endocrine Society of Australia consensus guidelines for androgen prescribing. Med J Aust. 2000 Mar 6;172(5):220-4. Erratum in: Med J Aust 2000 Apr 3;172(7):334. PMID: 10776394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16: Konermann M, Sanner BM, Rawert B, Haupt G. Related Articles, Links [Sleep apnea and erectile dysfunction] Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1999 May 21;124(20):631-5. Review. German. No abstract available. PMID: 10370386 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 18: Hirshkowitz M, Karacan I, Arcasoy MO, Acik G, Narter EM, Williams RL. Related Articles, Links Prevalence of sleep apnea in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1990 Sep;36(3):232-4. PMID: 2392814 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 19: Hirshkowitz M, Karacan I, Gurakar A, Williams RL. Related Articles, Links Hypertension, erectile dysfunction, and occult sleep apnea. Sleep. 1989 Jun;12(3):223-32. PMID: 2740693 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 2: Haczynski J, Lew-Starowicz Z, Darewicz B, Krajka K, Piotrowicz R, Ciesielska B. Links The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men visiting outpatient clinics. Int J Impot Res. 2006 Jan 5; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16395328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 14: Camacho ME, Reyes-Ortiz CA. Links Sexual dysfunction in the elderly: age or disease? Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S52-6. PMID: 16391544 [PubMed - in process] 15: Schwarz ER, Rodriguez J. Links Sex and the heart. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S4-6. PMID: 16391542 [PubMed - in process] "Some unique organic and psychological factors contributing to ED have been identified in patients with underlying cardiovascular problems. Certain risk factors are common to the development of coronary artery disease, heart failure and ED, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. Additionally, the use of medications such as beta blockers, digoxin and thiazide diuretics might eventually cause but more likely worsen sexual dysfunction. These unintended consequences can lead to medical noncompliance in misguided efforts to retain satisfactory sexual activity, and thereby worsen cardiovascular problems. Accordingly, it is important for physicians dealing with patients with cardiovascular diseases to address sexual concerns in their patients." 16: Schwarz ER, Rastogi S, Rodriguez JJ, Kapur V, Sulemanjee N, Gupta R, Rosanio S. Links A multidisciplinary approach to assess erectile dysfunction in high-risk cardiovascular patients. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S37-43. PMID: 16391541 [PubMed - in process] 17: Rastogi S, Rodriguez JJ, Kapur V, Schwarz ER. Links Why do patients with heart failure suffer from erectile dysfunction? A critical review and suggestions on how to approach this problem. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S25-36. PMID: 16391540 [PubMed - in process] 18: Billups KL. Links Erectile dysfunction as an early sign of cardiovascular disease. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S19-24. PMID: 16391539 [PubMed - in process] 19: Rodriguez JJ, Al Dashti R, Schwarz ER. Links Linking erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Int J Impot Res. 2005 Dec;17 Suppl 1:S12-8. PMID: 16391538 [PubMed - in process] 20: Rosen R, Shabsigh R, Berber M, Assalian P, Menza M, Rodriguez-Vela L, Porto R, Bangerter K, Seger M, Montorsi F. Links Efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil in men with mild depression and erectile dysfunction: the depression-related improvement with vardenafil for erectile response study. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;163(1):79-87. PMID: 16390893 [PubMed - in process] 1: Voustianiouk A, Kaufmann H, Diedrich A, Raphan T, Biaggioni I, Macdougall H, Ogorodnikov D, Cohen B. Related Articles, Links Electrical activation of the human vestibulo-sympathetic reflex. Exp Brain Res. 2005 Nov 25;:1-11 [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16308690 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 1: Garet M, Barthelemy JC, Degache F, Pichot V, Duverney D, Roche F. Related Articles, Links Modulations of human autonomic function induced by positive pressure-assisted breathing. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2006 Jan;26(1):15-20. PMID: 16398665 [PubMed - in process] 1: Garet M, Barthelemy JC, Degache F, Pichot V, Duverney D, Roche F. Related Articles, Links Modulations of human autonomic function induced by positive pressure-assisted breathing. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2006 Jan;26(1):15-20. PMID: 16398665 [PubMed - in process] 2: Eiken O, Nowak J, Jogestrand T, Mekjavic IB. Related Articles, Links Effects of local arteriosclerosis on carotid baroreflex sensitivity and on heart rate and arterial pressure variability in humans. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2006 Jan;26(1):9-14. PMID: 16398664 [PubMed - in process] 3: Osei-Owusu P, Scrogin KE. Related Articles, Links Role of the Arterial Baroreflex in 5-HT1A Receptor Agonist-mediated Sympathoexcitation Following Hypotensive Hemorrhage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Jan 5; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16397093 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 4: Heindl S, Vahlkamp K, Weitz G, Fehm HL, Dodt C. Related Articles, Links Differential effects of hydrocortisone on sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to sympathoexcitatory manoeuvres in men. Steroids. 2005 Dec 30; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16388832 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 5: Bonsignore MR, Parati G, Insalaco G, Castiglioni P, Marrone O, Romano S, Salvaggio A, Mancia G, Bonsignore G, Di Rienzo M. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex control of heart rate during sleep in severe obstructive sleep apnoea: effects of acute CPAP. Eur Respir J. 2006 Jan;27(1):128-35. PMID: 16387945 [PubMed - in process] 6: Floras JS. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability were associated with total cardiac mortality following MI. Evid Based Cardiovasc Med. 1998 Dec;2(4):98-9. No abstract available. PMID: 16379849 [PubMed - in process] 7: Courtar DA, Spaanderman ME, Aardenburg R, Janssen BJ, Peeters LL. Related Articles, Links Low plasma volume coincides with sympathetic hyperactivity and reduced baroreflex sensitivity in formerly preeclamptic patients. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006 Jan;13(1):48-52. PMID: 16378912 [PubMed - in process] 8: Jouanin JC, Dussault C, Tran D, Guezennec CY. Related Articles, Links Aerobatic flight effects on baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal balance in experienced pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Dec;76(12):1151-5. PMID: 16370265 [PubMed - in process] 9: Shibata S, Iwasaki K, Ogawa Y, Kato J, Ogawa S. Related Articles, Links Cardiovascular neuroregulation during acute exposure to 40, 70, and 100% oxygen at sea level. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Dec;76(12):1105-10. PMID: 16370259 [PubMed - in process] 12: Flachenecker P, Reiners K. Related Articles, Links Abnormal baroreflex responses in multiple sclerosis. Clin Auton Res. 2005 Dec;15(6):419. No abstract available. PMID: 16362548 [PubMed - in process] 13: Spicuzza L, Porta C, Bramanti A, Maffeis M, Casucci G, Casiraghi N, Bernardi L. Related Articles, Links Interaction between central-peripheral chemoreflexes and cerebro-cardiovascular control. Clin Auton Res. 2005 Dec;15(6):373-81. PMID: 16362539 [PubMed - in process] 18: Kincaid K, Ward M, Nair U, Hainsworth R, Drinkhill M. Related Articles, Links The coronary baroreflex in humans. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2005 Sep;37(3):306-10. PMID: 16350386 [PubMed - in process] 22: Lindgren K, Hagelin E, Hansen N, Lind L. Related Articles, Links Baroreceptor sensitivity is impaired in elderly subjects with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. J Hypertens. 2006 Jan;24(1):143-50. PMID: 16331112 [PubMed - in process] 24: Akashi YJ, Koike A, Oikawa K, Osada N, Omiya K, Itoh H. Related Articles, Links Relationship between baroreflex sensitivity and oxygen uptake in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2005 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID: 16318885 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 27: Moibenko AA, Pavliuchenko VB, Datsenko VV, Maiskii VA. Related Articles, Links [Role of nitric oxide in the mechanisms of formation of reflex vasomotor responses] Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2005 Oct-Dec;36(4):3-12. Review. Russian. PMID: 16309122 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 29: Miyamoto T, Oshima Y, Ikuta K, Kinoshita H. Related Articles, Links The heart rate increase at the onset of high-work intensity exercise is accelerated by central blood volume loading. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jan;96(1):86-96. Epub 2005 Oct 26. PMID: 16307281 [PubMed - in process] 31: Mukkamala R, Kim JK, Li Y, Sala-Mercado J, Hammond RL, Scislo TJ, O'leary DS. Related Articles, Links Estimation of Arterial and Cardiopulmonary Total Peripheral Resistance Baroreflex Gain Values: Validation by Chronic Arterial Baroreceptor Denervation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16306216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 32: Alzamora AC, Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex Modulation by Angiotensins at the Rat Rostral and Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16306161 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 33: Claydon VE, Steeves JD, Krassioukov A. Related Articles, Links Orthostatic hypotension following spinal cord injury: understanding clinical pathophysiology. Spinal Cord. 2005 Nov 22; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16304564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 34: Nuver J, Smit AJ, van der Meer J, van den Berg MP, van der Graaf WT, Meinardi MT, Sleijfer DT, Hoekstra HJ, van Gessel AI, van Roon AM, Gietema JA. Related Articles, Links Acute chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular changes in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Dec 20;23(36):9130-7. Epub 2005 Nov 21. PMID: 16301596 [PubMed - in process] 35: Vogel ER, Sandroni P, Low PA. Related Articles, Links Blood pressure recovery from Valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure. Neurology. 2005 Nov 22;65(10):1533-7. PMID: 16301478 [PubMed - in process] 36: Yufu K, Takahashi N, Nakagawa M, Hara M, Saikawa T, Yoshimatsu H. Related Articles, Links Brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac autonomic function in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005 Nov 17; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16298451 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 44: McDowall LM, Horiuchi J, Killinger S, Dampney RA. Related Articles, Links Modulation of the Baroreceptor Reflex by the Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus and Perifornical Area. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Nov 10; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16284085 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 47: Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Smith SA, Stromstad M, Ide K, Secher NH, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links The interaction of central command and the exercise pressor reflex in mediating baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):79-87. Epub 2005 Nov 1. PMID: 16263799 [PubMed - in process] 52: Williamson JW, Fadel PJ, Mitchell JH. Related Articles, Links New insights into central cardiovascular control during exercise in humans: a central command update. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):51-8. Epub 2005 Oct 20. PMID: 16239250 [PubMed - in process] 53: Potts JT. Related Articles, Links Inhibitory neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: implications for baroreflex resetting during exercise. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):59-72. Epub 2005 Oct 20. PMID: 16239249 [PubMed - in process] 54: Balocchi R, Menicucci D, Varanini M, Chillemi S, Legramante JM, Saltini C, Raimondi G. Related Articles, Links Head-down bed rest reduces the breathing rate short-term variability in subjects with orthostatic intolerance. J Gravit Physiol. 2004 Jul;11(2):P97-8. PMID: 16235432 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 56: Linnarsson D, Spaak J, Sundblad P. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex impairment during rapid posture changes at rest and exercise after 120 days of bed rest. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jan;96(1):37-45. Epub 2005 Oct 19. PMID: 16235067 [PubMed - in process] 57: Clark AL, Cleland JG. Related Articles, Links The control of adrenergic function in heart failure: therapeutic intervention. Heart Fail Rev. 2000 Mar;5(1):101-14. Review. PMID: 16228919 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 58: Khan MH, Sinoway LI. Related Articles, Links Muscle reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure: the role of exercise conditioning. Heart Fail Rev. 2000 Mar;5(1):87-100. Review. PMID: 16228918 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 59: Wang W, Ma R. Related Articles, Links Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflexes in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2000 Mar;5(1):57-71. Review. PMID: 16228916 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 60: Zucker IH, Liu JL. Related Articles, Links Angiotensin II--nitric oxide interactions in the control of sympathetic outflow in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2000 Mar;5(1):27-43. Review. PMID: 16228914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Dyson KS, Shoemaker JK, Hughson RL. Related Articles, Links Effect of Acute Sympathetic Nervous System Activation on Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Nov 11; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16284236 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] "These results showed that the four models employed to achieve increases in SNA had different effects on baseline brachial artery diameter and that blunted FMD is not a general response to increased SNA." 1: Joseph CN, Porta C, Casucci G, Casiraghi N, Maffeis M, Rossi M, Bernardi L. Related Articles, Links Slow breathing improves arterial baroreflex sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2005 Oct;46(4):714-8. Epub 2005 Aug 29. PMID: 16129818 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "During spontaneous breathing, hypertensive subjects showed lower CO2 and faster breathing rate, suggesting hyperventilation and reduced baroreflex sensitivity (P<0.001 versus controls). Slow breathing reduces blood pressure and enhances baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients. These effects appear potentially beneficial in the management of hypertension." 1: Fewell JE. Related Articles, Links Protective responses of the newborn to hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 Nov 15;149(1-3):243-55. Epub 2005 Jun 6. Review. PMID: 15941675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 2: Hofstetter AO, Herlenius E. Related Articles, Links Interleukin-1beta depresses hypoxic gasping and autoresuscitation in neonatal DBA/1lacJ mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 Apr 15;146(2-3):135-46. PMID: 15766902 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 3: Kahraman L, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Inhibitory effects of hyperthermia on mechanisms involved in autoresuscitation from hypoxic apnea in mice: a model for thermal stress causing SIDS. J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;97(2):669-74. PMID: 15247199 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 4: Sridhar R, Thach BT, Kelly DH, Henslee JA. Related Articles, Links Characterization of successful and failed autoresuscitation in human infants, including those dying of SIDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Aug;36(2):113-22. PMID: 12833490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 5: Gozal D, Gozal E, Reeves SR, Lipton AJ. Related Articles, Links Gasping and autoresuscitation in the developing rat: effect of antecedent intermittent hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 2002 Mar;92(3):1141-4. PMID: 11842051 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 6: Tomori Z, Donic V, Benacka R, Kuchta M, Koval S, Jakus J. Related Articles, Links [Regulation of respiration and its sleep-related disorders] Sb Lek. 2002;103(1):65-71. Slovak. PMID: 12448939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 7: Krous HF, Nadeau JM, Fukumoto RI, Blackbourne BD, Byard RW. Related Articles, Links Environmental hyperthermic infant and early childhood death: circumstances, pathologic changes, and manner of death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2001 Dec;22(4):374-82. Review. PMID: 11764905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8: Saiki C, Ikeda M, Nishikawa T, Tanimoto T, Yoshida S, Matsumoto S. Related Articles, Links The process of cardiorespiratory autoresuscitation in intact newborn rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;79(12):1036-43. PMID: 11824939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 9: Thuot F, Lemaire D, Dorion D, Letourneau P, Praud JP. Related Articles, Links Active glottal closure during anoxic gasping in lambs. Respir Physiol. 2001 Nov 1;128(2):205-18. PMID: 11812385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: Gozal D, Torres JE. Related Articles, Links Brainstem nitric oxide tissue levels correlate with anoxia-induced gasping activity in the developing rat. Biol Neonate. 2001 Feb;79(2):122-30. PMID: 11223654 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Mansouri J, Panigrahy A, Filiano JJ, Sleeper LA, St John WM, Kinney HC. Related Articles, Links Alpha2 receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001 Feb;60(2):141-6. PMID: 11273002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12: Tomori Z, Benacka R, Donic V, Jakus J. Related Articles, Links Contribution of upper airway reflexes to apnoea reversal, arousal, and resuscitation. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2000 Oct;55(5):398-403. Review. PMID: 11213378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 13: Froen JF, Akre H, Stray-Pedersen B, Saugstad OD. Related Articles, Links Adverse effects of nicotine and interleukin-1beta on autoresuscitation after apnea in piglets: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 2000 Apr;105(4):E52. PMID: 10742373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 14: Serdarevich C, Fewell JE. Related Articles, Links Influence of core temperature on autoresuscitation during repeated exposure to hypoxia in normal rat pups. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Oct;87(4):1346-53. PMID: 10517762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: Deshpande P, Khurana A, Hansen P, Wilkins D, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Failure of autoresuscitation in weanling mice: significance of cardiac glycogen and heart rate regulation. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Jul;87(1):203-10. PMID: 10409576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16: Tomori Z, Benacka R, Donic V. Related Articles, Links Mechanisms and clinicophysiological implications of the sniff- and gasp-like aspiration reflex. Respir Physiol. 1998 Oct;114(1):83-98. Review. PMID: 9858054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 17: St-John WM. Related Articles, Links Maternal cocaine alters eupneic ventilation but not gasping of neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett. 1998 May 1;246(3):137-40. PMID: 9792611 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 18: Gozal D, Torres JE, Gozal E, Nuckton TJ, Dixon MK, Gozal YM, Hornby PJ. Related Articles, Links Nitric oxide modulates anoxia-induced gasping in the developing rat. Biol Neonate. 1998;73(4):264-74. PMID: 9551193 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 19: Yuan SZ, Runold M, Lagercrantz H. Related Articles, Links Adrenalectomy reduces the ability of newborn rats to gasp and survive anoxia. Acta Physiol Scand. 1997 Apr;159(4):285-92. PMID: 9146749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 20: Yuan SZ, Blennow M, Runold M, Lagercrantz H. Related Articles, Links Effects of hyperglycemia on gasping and autoresuscitation in newborn rats. Biol Neonate. 1997;72(4):255-64. PMID: 9339297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 21: St John WM. Related Articles, Links Medullary regions for neurogenesis of gasping: noeud vital or noeuds vitals? J Appl Physiol. 1996 Nov;81(5):1865-77. Review. PMID: 8941503 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 22: Khurana A, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Effects of upper airway stimulation on swallowing, gasping, and autoresuscitation in hypoxic mice. J Appl Physiol. 1996 Feb;80(2):472-7. PMID: 8929586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 23: Hunt CE. Related Articles, Links The cardiorespiratory control hypothesis for sudden infant death syndrome. Clin Perinatol. 1992 Dec;19(4):757-71. Review. PMID: 1464189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 24: Sanocka UM, Donnelly DF, Haddad GG. Related Articles, Links Autoresuscitation: a survival mechanism in piglets. J Appl Physiol. 1992 Aug;73(2):749-53. PMID: 1400005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 25: Gershan WM, Jacobi MS, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Mechanisms underlying induced autoresuscitation failure in BALB/c and SWR mice. J Appl Physiol. 1992 Feb;72(2):677-85. PMID: 1559948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 26: Jacobi MS, Gershan WM, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Mechanism of failure of recovery from hypoxic apnea by gasping in 17- to 23-day-old mice. J Appl Physiol. 1991 Sep;71(3):1098-105. PMID: 1757305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 27: Jacobi MS, Gershan WM, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Effect of pentobarbital on spontaneous recovery from hypoxic apnoea in mice. Respir Physiol. 1991 Jun;84(3):337-49. PMID: 1925112 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 28: Gershan WM, Jacobi MS, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Maturation of cardiorespiratory interactions in spontaneous recovery from hypoxic apnea (autoresuscitation). Pediatr Res. 1990 Aug;28(2):87-93. PMID: 2395608 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 29: Jacobi MS, Thach BT. Related Articles, Links Effect of maturation on spontaneous recovery from hypoxic apnea by gasping. J Appl Physiol. 1989 May;66(5):2384-90. PMID: 2745303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 30: Mathew OP, Thach BT, Abu-Osba YK, Brouillette RT, Roberts JL. Related Articles, Links Regulation of upper airway maintaining muscles during progressive asphyxia. Pediatr Res. 1984 Sep;18(9):819-22. PMID: 6483505 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 31: Guntheroth WG. Related Articles, Links Sudden infant death syndrome (crib death). Am Heart J. 1977 Jun;93(6):784-93. Review. PMID: 16476 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Alonso-Fernandez A, Garcia-Rio F, Arias MA, Mediano O, Pino JM, Martinez I, Villamor J. Related Articles, Links Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypoapnoea syndrome reversibly depresses cardiac response to exercise. Eur Heart J. 2006 Jan;27(2):207-15. Epub 2005 Nov 2. PMID: 16267074 [PubMed - in process] 1: Saito M. Related Articles, Links Exercise-induced sympathetic activation is correlated with cerebral hemisphere laterality, but not handedness. Acta Physiol Scand. 2000 Oct;170(2):111-8. PMID: 11114948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Matsukawa K, Komine H, Nakamoto T, Murata J. Related Articles, Links Central command blunts sensitivity of arterial baroreceptor-heart rate reflex at onset of voluntary static exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):H200-8. Epub 2005 Aug 19. PMID: 16113070 [PubMed - in process] 1: DiCarlo SE, Bishop VS. Related Articles, Links Central baroreflex resetting as a means of increasing and decreasing sympathetic outflow and arterial pressure. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:324-37. Review. PMID: 11458690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 2: Joyner MJ. Related Articles, Links Baroreceptor function during exercise: resetting the record. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):27-36. Epub 2005 Nov 11. PMID: 16284242 [PubMed - in process] 3: Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Smith SA, Stromstad M, Ide K, Secher NH, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links The interaction of central command and the exercise pressor reflex in mediating baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):79-87. Epub 2005 Nov 1. PMID: 16263799 [PubMed - in process] 4: Williamson JW, Fadel PJ, Mitchell JH. Related Articles, Links New insights into central cardiovascular control during exercise in humans: a central command update. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):51-8. Epub 2005 Oct 20. PMID: 16239250 [PubMed - in process] 5: Raven PB, Fadel PJ, Ogoh S. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreflex resetting during exercise: a current perspective. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jan;91(1):37-49. Epub 2005 Oct 6. PMID: 16210446 [PubMed - in process] 6: Ogoh S, Brothers RM, Barnes Q, Eubank WL, Hawkins MN, Purkayastha S, O-Yurvati A, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Cardiopulmonary baroreflex is reset during dynamic exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jan;100(1):51-9. Epub 2005 Sep 8. PMID: 16150844 [PubMed - in process] 7: Kamiya A, Kawada T, Yamamoto K, Michikami D, Ariumi H, Miyamoto T, Shimizu S, Uemura K, Aiba T, Sunagawa K, Sugimachi M. Related Articles, Links Dynamic and static baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) parallels that of renal and cardiac SNA during physiological change in pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Dec;289(6):H2641-8. Epub 2005 Jul 29. PMID: 16055514 [PubMed - in process] 8: Mukkamala R, Kim JK, Li Y, Sala-Mercado J, Hammond RL, Scislo TJ, O'leary DS. Related Articles, Links Estimation of Arterial and Cardiopulmonary Total Peripheral Resistance Baroreflex Gain Values: Validation by Chronic Arterial Baroreceptor Denervation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16306216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 9: Yamamoto K, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Takaki H, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Static interaction between muscle mechanoreflex and arterial baroreflex in determining efferent sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):H1604-9. Epub 2005 May 20. PMID: 15908461 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10: Kamiya A, Kawada T, Yamamoto K, Michikami D, Ariumi H, Uemura K, Zheng C, Shimizu S, Aiba T, Miyamoto T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Resetting of the arterial baroreflex increases orthostatic sympathetic activation and prevents postural hypotension in rabbits. J Physiol. 2005 Jul 1;566(Pt 1):237-46. Epub 2005 May 5. PMID: 15878944 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 11: Hammer PE, Saul JP. Related Articles, Links Resonance in a mathematical model of baroreflex control: arterial blood pressure waves accompanying postural stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Jun;288(6):R1637-48. Epub 2005 Feb 17. PMID: 15718393 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12: Kawada T, Yamamoto K, Kamiya A, Ariumi H, Michikami D, Shishido T, Sunagawa K, Sugimachi M. Related Articles, Links Dynamic characteristics of carotid sinus pressure-nerve activity transduction in rabbits. Jpn J Physiol. 2005 Jun;55(3):157-63. Epub 2005 Aug 5. PMID: 16079025 [PubMed - in process] 13: Osborn JW. Related Articles, Links Hypothesis: set-points and long-term control of arterial pressure. A theoretical argument for a long-term arterial pressure control system in the brain rather than the kidney. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 May-Jun;32(5-6):384-93. Review. PMID: 15854147 [PubMed - in process] 14: Barrett CJ, Malpas SC. Related Articles, Links Problems, possibilities, and pitfalls in studying the arterial baroreflexes' influence over long-term control of blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Apr;288(4):R837-45. Review. PMID: 15793037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15: Jordan J. Related Articles, Links Sympathetic genes, baroreflexes, and hypertension. Clin Auton Res. 2004 Dec;14(6):358-9. No abstract available. PMID: 15666061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16: Kim JK, Augustyniak RA, Sala-Mercado JA, Hammond RL, Ansorge EJ, Rossi NF, O'Leary DS. Related Articles, Links Heart failure alters the strength and mechanisms of arterial baroreflex pressor responses during dynamic exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Oct;287(4):H1682-8. Epub 2004 Jun 17. PMID: 15205175 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 17: Charkoudian N, Martin EA, Dinenno FA, Eisenach JH, Dietz NM, Joyner MJ. Related Articles, Links Influence of increased central venous pressure on baroreflex control of sympathetic activity in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Oct;287(4):H1658-62. Epub 2004 Jun 10. PMID: 15191897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 18: Matsumura K. Related Articles, Links [Modulation of sympathetic activity by ghrelin in the central nervous system] Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Sep;62 Suppl 9:373-6. Review. Japanese. No abstract available. PMID: 15506407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 19: Kashihara K, Kawada T, Li M, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Bezold-Jarisch reflex blunts arterial baroreflex via the shift of neural arc toward lower sympathetic nerve activity. Jpn J Physiol. 2004 Aug;54(4):395-404. PMID: 15631695 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 20: Volianitis S, Yoshiga CC, Vogelsang T, Secher NH. Related Articles, Links Arterial blood pressure and carotid baroreflex function during arm and combined arm and leg exercise in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004 Jul;181(3):289-95. PMID: 15196089 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 21: Kawada T, Uemura K, Kashihara K, Kamiya A, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links A derivative-sigmoidal model reproduces operating point-dependent baroreflex neural arc transfer characteristics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):H2272-9. Epub 2004 Feb 12. PMID: 14962840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 22: Kawada T, Miyamoto T, Uemura K, Kashihara K, Kamiya A, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Effects of neuronal norepinephrine uptake blockade on baroreflex neural and peripheral arc transfer characteristics. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):R1110-20. Epub 2004 Feb 12. PMID: 14962824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 23: Grassi G. Related Articles, Links Leptin, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreflex function. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2004 Jun;6(3):236-40. Review. PMID: 15128478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 24: Velez-Roa S, Neubauer J, Wissing M, Porta A, Somers VK, Unger P, van de Borne P. Related Articles, Links Acute arterio-venous fistula occlusion decreases sympathetic activity and improves baroreflex control in kidney transplanted patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 Jun;19(6):1606-12. Epub 2004 Mar 19. PMID: 15034165 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 25: Ichiyama RM, Waldrop TG, Iwamoto GA. Related Articles, Links Neurons in and near insular cortex are responsive to muscular contraction and have sympathetic and/or cardiac-related discharge. Brain Res. 2004 May 22;1008(2):273-7. PMID: 15145765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 26: Gao L, Zhu Z, Zucker IH, Wang W. Related Articles, Links Cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation impairs baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):H1706-11. PMID: 15072970 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 27: Tank J, Diedrich A, Szczech E, Luft FC, Jordan J. Related Articles, Links Alpha-2 adrenergic transmission and human baroreflex regulation. Hypertension. 2004 May;43(5):1035-41. Epub 2004 Mar 22. PMID: 15037555 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 28: Cheng Y, Cohen B, Orea V, Barres C, Julien C. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and spontaneous rhythms at Mayer wave's frequency in rats. Auton Neurosci. 2004 Apr 30;111(2):80-8. PMID: 15182737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 29: Yamamoto K, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Takaki H, Miyamoto T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Muscle mechanoreflex induces the pressor response by resetting the arterial baroreflex neural arc. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Apr;286(4):H1382-8. Epub 2003 Nov 20. PMID: 14630630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 30: Kienbaum P, Peters J. Related Articles, Links Muscle sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity is different at rest and during evoked hypotension. Basic Res Cardiol. 2004 Mar;99(2):152-8. Epub 2003 Dec 8. PMID: 14963673 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 31: van Orshoven NP, Oey PL, van Schelven LJ, Roelofs JM, Jansen PA, Akkermans LM. Related Articles, Links Effect of gastric distension on cardiovascular parameters: gastrovascular reflex is attenuated in the elderly. J Physiol. 2004 Mar 1;555(Pt 2):573-83. Epub 2004 Jan 14. PMID: 14724212 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 32: Ichinose M, Saito M, Wada H, Kitano A, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Related Articles, Links Modulation of arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity by muscle metaboreflex in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Feb;286(2):H701-7. PMID: 14715501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 33: Malpas SC. Related Articles, Links What sets the long-term level of sympathetic nerve activity: is there a role for arterial baroreceptors? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):R1-R12. Review. Erratum in: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):R975. PMID: 14660468 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 34: Gotoh TM, Fujiki N, Matsuda T, Gao S, Morita H. Related Articles, Links Roles of baroreflex and vestibulosympathetic reflex in controlling arterial blood pressure during gravitational stress in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):R25-30. Epub 2003 Sep 18. PMID: 14500268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 35: Ogawa Y, Kanbayashi T, Saito Y, Takahashi Y, Kitajima T, Takahashi K, Hishikawa Y, Shimizu T. Related Articles, Links Total sleep deprivation elevates blood pressure through arterial baroreflex resetting: a study with microneurographic technique. Sleep. 2003 Dec 15;26(8):986-9. PMID: 14746379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 36: Muenter Swift N, Cutler MJ, Fadel PJ, Wasmund WL, Ogoh S, Keller DM, Raven PB, Smith ML. Related Articles, Links Carotid baroreflex function during and following voluntary apnea in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):H2411-9. Epub 2003 Jul 31. PMID: 12893634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 37: Masuki S, Nose H. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreflex control of muscle blood flow at the onset of voluntary locomotion in mice. J Physiol. 2003 Nov 15;553(Pt 1):191-201. Epub 2003 Aug 22. PMID: 12937292 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 38: Rothlisberger BW, Badra LJ, Hoag JB, Cooke WH, Kuusela TA, Tahvanainen KU, Eckberg DL. Related Articles, Links Spontaneous 'baroreflex sequences' occur as deterministic functions of breathing phase. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2003 Nov;23(6):307-13. PMID: 14617259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 39: O'Leary DD, Kimmerly DS, Cechetto AD, Shoemaker JK. Related Articles, Links Differential effect of head-up tilt on cardiovagal and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in humans. Exp Physiol. 2003 Nov;88(6):769-74. PMID: 14603376 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 40: Fadel PJ, Ogoh S, Keller DM, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Recent insights into carotid baroreflex function in humans using the variable pressure neck chamber. Exp Physiol. 2003 Nov;88(6):671-80. Review. PMID: 14603365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 41: Tank J, Jordan J, Diedrich A, Schroeder C, Furlan R, Sharma AM, Luft FC, Brabant G. Related Articles, Links Bound leptin and sympathetic outflow in nonobese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Oct;88(10):4955-9. PMID: 14557480 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 42: Halliwill JR, Morgan BJ, Charkoudian N. Related Articles, Links Peripheral chemoreflex and baroreflex interactions in cardiovascular regulation in humans. J Physiol. 2003 Oct 1;552(Pt 1):295-302. Epub 2003 Aug 1. PMID: 12897165 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 43: Smith SA, Querry RG, Fadel PJ, Gallagher KM, Stromstad M, Ide K, Raven PB, Secher NH. Related Articles, Links Partial blockade of skeletal muscle somatosensory afferents attenuates baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2003 Sep 15;551(Pt 3):1013-21. Epub 2003 Jun 20. PMID: 12819303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 44: Furlan R, Diedrich A, Rimoldi A, Palazzolo L, Porta C, Diedrich L, Harris PA, Sleight P, Biagioni I, Robertson D, Bernardi L. Related Articles, Links Effects of unilateral and bilateral carotid baroreflex stimulation on cardiac and neural sympathetic discharge oscillatory patterns. Circulation. 2003 Aug 12;108(6):717-23. Epub 2003 Aug 4. PMID: 12900347 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 45: Kashihara K, Kawada T, Yanagiya Y, Uemura K, Inagaki M, Takaki H, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Bezold-Jarisch reflex attenuates dynamic gain of baroreflex neural arc. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Aug;285(2):H833-40. Epub 2003 Apr 24. PMID: 12714325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 46: Sato T, Kawada T, Inagaki M, Shishido T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Dynamics of sympathetic baroreflex control of arterial pressure in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):R262-70. PMID: 12794000 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 47: Tank J, Diedrich A, Hale N, Niaz FE, Furlan R, Robertson RM, Mosqueda-Garcia R. Related Articles, Links Relationship between blood pressure, sleep K-complexes, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):R208-14. PMID: 12793998 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 48: Cooke WH, Carter JR, Kuusela TA. Related Articles, Links Muscle sympathetic nerve activation during the Valsalva maneuver: interpretive and analytical caveats. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2003 Jul;74(7):731-7. PMID: 12862327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 49: Ogoh S, Fadel PJ, Nissen P, Jans O, Selmer C, Secher NH, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex-mediated changes in cardiac output and vascular conductance in response to alterations in carotid sinus pressure during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2003 Jul 1;550(Pt 1):317-24. Epub 2003 May 2. PMID: 12730341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 50: Barrett CJ, Ramchandra R, Guild SJ, Lala A, Budgett DM, Malpas SC. Related Articles, Links What sets the long-term level of renal sympathetic nerve activity: a role for angiotensin II and baroreflexes? Circ Res. 2003 Jun 27;92(12):1330-6. Epub 2003 May 22. PMID: 12764023 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 51: Michelini LC, Marcelo MC, Amico J, Morris M. Related Articles, Links Oxytocinergic regulation of cardiovascular function: studies in oxytocin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Jun;284(6):H2269-76. Epub 2003 Jan 16. PMID: 12531722 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 52: Wasmund SL, Smith ML, Takata TS, Joglar JA, Li JM, Kowal RC, Page RL, Hamdan MH. Related Articles, Links Sympathoexcitation is attenuated during low level lower body negative pressure in subjects who develop pre-syncope. Clin Auton Res. 2003 Jun;13(3):208-13. PMID: 12822043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 53: Convertino VA. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex-mediated heart rate and vascular resistance responses 24 h after maximal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jun;35(6):970-7. PMID: 12783045 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 54: Maliszewska-Scislo M, Scislo TJ, Rossi NF. Related Articles, Links Effect of blockade of endogenous angiotensin II on baroreflex function in conscious diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 May;284(5):H1601-11. Epub 2003 Jan 9. PMID: 12521945 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 55: Fahim M. Related Articles, Links Cardiovascular sensory receptors and their regulatory mechanisms. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003 Apr;47(2):124-46. Review. PMID: 15255616 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 56: Miki K, Yoshimoto M, Tanimizu M. Related Articles, Links Acute shifts of baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by treadmill exercise in rats. J Physiol. 2003 Apr 1;548(Pt 1):313-22. Epub 2003 Jan 31. PMID: 12562953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 57: Kashihara K, Takahashi Y, Chatani K, Kawada T, Zheng C, Li M, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Intravenous angiotensin II does not affect dynamic baroreflex characteristics of the neural or peripheral arc. Jpn J Physiol. 2003 Apr;53(2):135-43. PMID: 12877769 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 58: Floras JS. Related Articles, Links Sympathetic activation in human heart failure: diverse mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Mar;177(3):391-8. Review. PMID: 12609011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 59: Kara T, Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. Related Articles, Links Chemoreflexes--physiology and clinical implications. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Mar;177(3):377-84. Review. PMID: 12609009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 60: Crandall CG, Cui J, Wilson TE. Related Articles, Links Effects of heat stress on baroreflex function in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Mar;177(3):321-8. Review. PMID: 12609002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 61: DiBona GF. Related Articles, Links Central angiotensin modulation of baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in the rat: influence of dietary sodium. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Mar;177(3):285-9. Review. PMID: 12608998 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 62: Masuki S, Takeoka M, Taniguchi S, Nose H. Related Articles, Links Enhanced baroreflex sensitivity in free-moving calponin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Mar;284(3):H939-46. Epub 2002 Nov 14. PMID: 12433658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 63: Suzuka H, Hirakawa H, Nakashima Y, Hayashida Y. Related Articles, Links Effect of water immersion on renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial baroreflex in conscious rabbits with heart failure. Auton Neurosci. 2003 Feb 28;104(1):39-46. PMID: 12559202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 64: Bealer SL. Related Articles, Links Peripheral hyperosmolality reduces cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. Auton Neurosci. 2003 Feb 28;104(1):25-31. PMID: 12559200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 65: Mayorov DN, Head GA. Related Articles, Links Glutamate receptors in RVLM modulate sympathetic baroreflex in conscious rabbits. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):R511-9. Epub 2002 Oct 10. PMID: 12388428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 66: DiBona GF, Jones SY. Related Articles, Links Effect of sodium intake on sympathetic and hemodynamic response to thermal receptor stimulation. Hypertension. 2003 Feb;41(2):261-5. PMID: 12574092 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 67: O'Donaughy TL, Resta TC, Walker BR. Related Articles, Links Laboratory demonstration of baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious rats. Adv Physiol Educ. 2002 Dec;26(1-4):309-16. PMID: 12444003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 68: Tsuchimochi H, Matsukawa K, Komine H, Murata J. Related Articles, Links Direct measurement of cardiac sympathetic efferent nerve activity during dynamic exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Nov;283(5):H1896-906. PMID: 12384467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 69: Ma X, Abboud FM, Chapleau MW. Related Articles, Links Analysis of afferent, central, and efferent components of the baroreceptor reflex in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Nov;283(5):R1033-40. PMID: 12376395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 70: Matsumura K, Tsuchihashi T, Fujii K, Abe I, Iida M. Related Articles, Links Central ghrelin modulates sympathetic activity in conscious rabbits. Hypertension. 2002 Nov;40(5):694-9. PMID: 12411464 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 71: Ichinose M, Saito M, Wada H, Kitano A, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Related Articles, Links Modulation of arterial baroreflex dynamic response during muscle metaboreflex activation in humans. J Physiol. 2002 Nov 1;544(Pt 3):939-48. PMID: 12411536 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 72: Baldridge BR, Burgess DE, Zimmerman EE, Carroll JJ, Sprinkle AG, Speakman RO, Li SG, Brown DR, Taylor RF, Dworkin S, Randall DC. Related Articles, Links Heart rate-arterial blood pressure relationship in conscious rat before vs. after spinal cord transection. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Sep;283(3):R748-56. PMID: 12185010 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 73: Roche F, Reynaud C, Garet M, Pichot V, Costes F, Barthelemy JC. Related Articles, Links Cardiac baroreflex control in humans during and immediately after brief exposure to simulated high altitude. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2002 Sep;22(5):301-6. PMID: 12487001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 74: Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Related Articles, Links Effect of hypoxia on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2002 Sep;93(3):857-64. PMID: 12183478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 75: Ogoh S, Wasmund WL, Keller DM, O-Yurvati A, Gallagher KM, Mitchell JH, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Role of central command in carotid baroreflex resetting in humans during static exercise. J Physiol. 2002 Aug 15;543(Pt 1):349-64. PMID: 12181305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 76: Liu HK, Guild SJ, Ringwood JV, Barrett CJ, Leonard BL, Nguang SK, Navakatikyan MA, Malpas SC. Related Articles, Links Dynamic baroreflex control of blood pressure: influence of the heart vs. peripheral resistance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):R533-42. PMID: 12121868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 77: Segar JL, Van Natta T, Smith OJ. Related Articles, Links Effects of fetal ovine adrenalectomy on sympathetic and baroreflex responses at birth. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):R460-7. PMID: 12121859 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 78: Brooks VL, Clow KA, O'Hagan KP. Related Articles, Links Pregnancy and acute baroreflex resetting in conscious rabbits. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):R429-40. PMID: 12121856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 79: Hausberg M, Morgan DA, Chapleau MA, Sivitz WI, Mark AL, Haynes WG. Related Articles, Links Differential modulation of leptin-induced sympathoexcitation by baroreflex activation. J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;20(8):1633-41. PMID: 12172326 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 80: Grassi G, Elam M. Related Articles, Links Leptin, sympathetic and baroreflex function: another step on the road to sympathetic differentiation. J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;20(8):1487-9. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 12172307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 81: Cooke WH, Reynolds BV, Yandl MG, Carter JR, Tahvanainen KU, Kuusela TA. Related Articles, Links Effects of exercise training on cardiovagal and sympathetic responses to Valsalva's maneuver. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Jun;34(6):928-35. PMID: 12048317 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 82: Sanderford MG, Bishop VS. Related Articles, Links Central mechanisms of acute ANG II modulation of arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 May;282(5):H1592-602. PMID: 11959620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 83: Tuncel M, Wang Z, Arbique D, Fadel PJ, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. Related Articles, Links Mechanism of the blood pressure--raising effect of cocaine in humans. Circulation. 2002 Mar 5;105(9):1054-9. PMID: 11877354 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 84: Kawada T, Zheng C, Yanagiya Y, Uemura K, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Shishido T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links High-cut characteristics of the baroreflex neural arc preserve baroreflex gain against pulsatile pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Mar;282(3):H1149-56. PMID: 11834514 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 85: Oey PL, Vos PE, Wieneke GH, Wokke JH, Blankestijn PJ, Karemaker JM. Related Articles, Links Subtle involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2002 Mar;25(3):402-8. PMID: 11870718 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 86: Kawada T, Shishido T, Inagaki M, Zheng C, Yanagiya Y, Uemura K, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Estimation of baroreflex gain using a baroreflex equilibrium diagram. Jpn J Physiol. 2002 Feb;52(1):21-9. PMID: 12047799 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 87: Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic nerve activity to muscle in heat-stressed humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Jan;282(1):R252-8. PMID: 11742845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 88: Raven PB, Fadel PJ, Smith SA. Related Articles, Links The influence of central command on baroreflex resetting during exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2002 Jan;30(1):39-44. Review. PMID: 11800498 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 89: Zucker IH, Pliquett RU. Related Articles, Links Novel mechanisms of sympatho-excitation in chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Monit. 2002;3(1):2-7. Review. PMID: 12634882 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 90: Swenne CA. Related Articles, Links Neurocardiological basis for intraindividual ECG variability. J Electrocardiol. 2002;35 Suppl:239-42. PMID: 12539133 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 91: Cox JF, Tahvanainen KU, Kuusela TA, Levine BD, Cooke WH, Mano T, Iwase S, Saito M, Sugiyama Y, Ertl AC, Biaggioni I, Diedrich A, Robertson RM, Zuckerman JH, Lane LD, Ray CA, White RJ, Pawelczyk JA, Buckey JC Jr, Baisch FJ, Blomqvist CG, Robertson D, Eckberg DL. Related Articles, Links Influence of microgravity on astronauts' sympathetic and vagal responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre. J Physiol. 2002 Jan 1;538(Pt 1):309-20. PMID: 11773338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 92: Petiot E, Barres C, Chapuis B, Julien C. Related Articles, Links Frequency response of renal sympathetic nervous activity to aortic depressor nerve stimulation in the anaesthetized rat. J Physiol. 2001 Dec 15;537(Pt 3):949-59. PMID: 11744767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 93: Furlan R, Jacob G, Palazzolo L, Rimoldi A, Diedrich A, Harris PA, Porta A, Malliani A, Mosqueda-Garcia R, Robertson D. Related Articles, Links Sequential modulation of cardiac autonomic control induced by cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflex mechanisms. Circulation. 2001 Dec 11;104(24):2932-7. PMID: 11739308 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 94: Yuasa T, Takata S, Terasaki T, Kontani M, Saito S, Nagai H, Shimakura A, Sakagami S, Kobayashi K. Related Articles, Links Percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty improves cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity in patients with mitral stenosis. Auton Neurosci. 2001 Dec 10;94(1-2):117-24. PMID: 11775700 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 95: Laiprasert JD, Hamlin RL, Heesch CM. Related Articles, Links Afferent baroreceptor discharge in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):H2456-62. PMID: 11709412 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 96: Head GA, Burke SL. Related Articles, Links Renal and cardiac sympathetic baroreflexes in hypertensive rabbits. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001 Dec;28(12):972-5. PMID: 11903295 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 97: Kawanokuchi J, Fu Q, Cui J, Niimi Y, Kamiya A, Michikami D, Iwase S, Mano T, Suzumura A. Related Articles, Links Influence of vestibulo-sympathetic reflex on muscle sympathetic outflow during head-down tilt. Environ Med. 2001 Dec;45(2):66-8. PMID: 12353535 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 98: Tank J, Diedrich A, Schroeder C, Stoffels M, Franke G, Sharma AM, Luft FC, Jordan J. Related Articles, Links Limited effect of systemic beta-blockade on sympathetic outflow. Hypertension. 2001 Dec 1;38(6):1377-81. PMID: 11751721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 99: Huang BS, Wang H, Leenen FH. Related Articles, Links Enhanced sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses to central Na+ in Dahl salt-sensitive vs. -resistant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Nov;281(5):H1881-9. PMID: 11668047 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 100: Wilson TE, Cui J, Crandall CG. Related Articles, Links Absence of arterial baroreflex modulation of skin sympathetic activity and sweat rate during whole-body heating in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):615-23. PMID: 11600694 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 101: Kamiya A, Michikami D, Fu Q, Niimi Y, Iwase S, Mano T, Suzumura A. Related Articles, Links Static handgrip exercise modifies arterial baroreflex control of vascular sympathetic outflow in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Oct;281(4):R1134-9. PMID: 11557620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 102: Cui J, Wilson TE, Shibasaki M, Hodges NA, Crandall CG. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during posthandgrip muscle ischemia in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2001 Oct;91(4):1679-86. PMID: 11568150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 103: Fu Q, Iwase S, Niimi Y, Kamiya A, Kawanokuchi J, Cui J, Mano T, Suzumura A. Related Articles, Links Effects of lower body positive pressure on muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to head-up tilt. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):R778-85. PMID: 11506992 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 104: Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Stromstad M, Ide K, Smith SA, Querry RG, Raven PB, Secher NH. Related Articles, Links Effects of exercise pressor reflex activation on carotid baroreflex function during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Jun 15;533(Pt 3):871-80. PMID: 11410642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 105: Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Stromstad M, Ide K, Smith SA, Querry RG, Raven PB, Secher NH. Related Articles, Links Effects of partial neuromuscular blockade on carotid baroreflex function during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Jun 15;533(Pt 3):861-70. PMID: 11410641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 106: Lohmeier TE. Related Articles, Links The sympathetic nervous system and long-term blood pressure regulation. Am J Hypertens. 2001 Jun;14(6 Pt 2):147S-154S. Review. PMID: 11411750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 107: Floras JS. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflex control of sympathetic outflow in human heart failure. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:500-13. Review. PMID: 11458705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 108: Hasser EM, Moffitt JA. Related Articles, Links Regulation of sympathetic nervous system function after cardiovascular deconditioning. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:454-68. Review. PMID: 11458701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 110: Sunagawa K, Sato T, Kawada T. Related Articles, Links Integrative sympathetic baroreflex regulation of arterial pressure. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:314-23. Review. PMID: 11458689 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 111: Montano N, Porta A, Malliani A. Related Articles, Links Evidence for central organization of cardiovascular rhythms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:299-306. Review. PMID: 11458687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 112: Morrison SF. Related Articles, Links Differential regulation of sympathetic outflows to vasoconstrictor and thermoregulatory effectors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;940:286-98. PMID: 11458686 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 113: Kienbaum P, Peters J. Related Articles, Links [Sympathetic control mechanisms during general anesthesia] Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2001 May;36(5):268-75. Review. German. PMID: 11413695 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 114: Evans RG, Ventura S, Dampney RA, Ludbrook J. Related Articles, Links Neural mechanisms in the cardiovascular responses to acute central hypovolaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001 May-Jun;28(5-6):479-87. Review. PMID: 11428384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 115: White SW, Pitsillides KF, Parsons GH, Hayes SG, Gunther RA, Cottee DB. Related Articles, Links Coronary-bronchial blood flow and airway dimensions in exercise-induced syndromes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001 May-Jun;28(5-6):472-8. Review. PMID: 11428383 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 116: Pitzalis MV, Massari F, Mastropasqua F, Iacoviello M, Rizzon P. Related Articles, Links [Cardiopulmonary sensitivity and chemosensitivity] Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001 May;2(5):478-83. Review. Italian. PMID: 11388330 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 117: La Rovere MT, Gnemmi M, Vaccarini C. Related Articles, Links [Baroreflex sensitivity] Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001 May;2(5):472-7. Review. Italian. PMID: 11388329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 118: Hirooka Y, Takeshita A. Related Articles, Links [Recent trends in studies of the etiology of hypertension: Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system] Nippon Rinsho. 2001 May;59(5):860-6. Review. Japanese. PMID: 11391983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 119: Smith SA, Querry RG, Fadel PJ, Weiss MW, Olivencia-Yurvati A, Shi X, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Comparison of aortic and carotid baroreflex stimulus-response characteristics in humans. Auton Neurosci. 2001 Apr 12;88(1-2):74-85. PMID: 11474549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 120: Querry RG, Smith SA, Stromstad M, Ide K, Raven PB, Secher NH. Related Articles, Links Neural blockade during exercise augments central command's contribution to carotid baroreflex resetting. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Apr;280(4):H1635-44. PMID: 11247774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 121: Kawada T, Shishido T, Inagaki M, Tatewaki T, Zheng C, Yanagiya Y, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Differential dynamic baroreflex regulation of cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activities. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Apr;280(4):H1581-90. PMID: 11247768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 122: McIlveen SA, Hayes SG, Kaufman MP. Related Articles, Links Both central command and exercise pressor reflex reset carotid sinus baroreflex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Apr;280(4):H1454-63. PMID: 11247754 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 123: Ringwood JV, Malpas SC. Related Articles, Links Slow oscillations in blood pressure via a nonlinear feedback model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Apr;280(4):R1105-15. PMID: 11247833 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 124: Malpas SC, Leonard BL, Guild SJ, Ringwood JV, Navakatikyan M, Austin PC, Head GA, Burgess DE. Related Articles, Links The sympathetic nervous system's role in regulating blood pressure variability. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2001 Mar-Apr;20(2):17-24. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 11321716 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 125: Morrison SF. Related Articles, Links Differential regulation of brown adipose and splanchnic sympathetic outflows in rat: roles of raphe and rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001 Jan-Feb;28(1-2):138-43. PMID: 11153531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 126: Niimi Y, Iwase S, Fu Q, Kamiya A, Mano T. Related Articles, Links Effect of aging on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and peripheral venous pressure in humans. Environ Med. 2000 Dec;44(1):56-9. PMID: 12296371 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 127: Montano N, Cogliati C, da Silva VJ, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Massimini M, Porta A, Malliani A. Related Articles, Links Effects of spinal section and of positive-feedback excitatory reflex on sympathetic and heart rate variability. Hypertension. 2000 Dec;36(6):1029-34. PMID: 11116120 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 129: Malpas SC, Burgess DE. Related Articles, Links Renal SNA as the primary mediator of slow oscillations in blood pressure during hemorrhage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):H1299-306. PMID: 10993797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 130: Ward SA. Related Articles, Links Control of the exercise hyperpnoea in humans: a modeling perspective. Respir Physiol. 2000 Sep;122(2-3):149-66. Review. PMID: 10967341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 131: Ralevic V. Related Articles, Links P2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems modulating sympathetic vasomotor tone. J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000 Jul 3;81(1-3):205-11. Review. PMID: 10869722 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 132: O'Sullivan SE, Bell C. Related Articles, Links The effects of exercise and training on human cardiovascular reflex control. J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000 Jul 3;81(1-3):16-24. Review. PMID: 10869695 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 133: Kawada T, Sato T, Shishido T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Closed-loop estimation of the open-loop carotid sinus baroreflex transfer function for the use of animal experiments in space. J Gravit Physiol. 2000 Jul;7(2):P137-8. PMID: 12697495 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 134: Kawada T, Sato T, Inagaki M, Shishido T, Tatewaki T, Yanagiya Y, Zheng C, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Closed-loop identification of carotid sinus baroreflex transfer characteristics using electrical stimulation. Jpn J Physiol. 2000 Jun;50(3):371-80. PMID: 11016987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 135: Howard MG, Collins HL, Dicarlo SE. Related Articles, Links Post-exercise elevations in sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex function in normotensive rabbits. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2000 May;22(4):431-44. Erratum in: Clin Exp Hypertens 2000 Oct-Nov;22(7-8):731-2. PMID: 10830754 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 136: Bishop VS, Sanderford MG. Related Articles, Links Angiotensin II modulation of the arterial baroreflex: role of the area postrema. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2000 May-Jun;27(5-6):428-31. Review. PMID: 10831248 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 137: Newman DG, White SW, Callister R. Related Articles, Links The effect of baroreflex adaptation on the dynamic cardiovascular response to head-up tilt. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2000 Mar;71(3):255-9. PMID: 10716171 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 138: Averill DB, Diz DI. Related Articles, Links Angiotensin peptides and baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow: pathways and mechanisms of the medulla oblongata. Brain Res Bull. 2000 Jan 15;51(2):119-28. Review. PMID: 10709957 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 139: Hilz MJ, Stemper B, Neundorfer B. Related Articles, Links [Physiology and methods for studying the baroreceptor reflex] Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2000 Jan;68(1):37-47. Review. German. PMID: 10705573 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 140: Casadei B, Paterson DJ. Related Articles, Links Should we still use nitrovasodilators to test baroreflex sensitivity? J Hypertens. 2000 Jan;18(1):3-6. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 10678537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 141: Georghiou GE, Metaxas AC. Related Articles, Links Simulation of RF coronas using the FE-FCT method. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy. 2000;35(3):151-64. PMID: 11098440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 142: Agrest A. Related Articles, Links [Thoughts concerning the realms of arterial blood pressure] Medicina (B Aires). 2000;60(5 Pt 1):657-61. Spanish. PMID: 11188910 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 143: Gotoh E, Sumita S. Related Articles, Links [An outline of neural regulation of blood pressure] Nippon Rinsho. 2000 Jan;58 Suppl 1:19-24. Review. Japanese. No abstract available. PMID: 11026230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 144: Ursino M. Related Articles, Links Modelling the interaction among several mechanisms in the short-term arterial pressure control. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2000;71:139-61. PMID: 10977596 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 145: Burgess DE, Zimmerman TA, Wise MT, Li SG, Randall DC, Brown DR. Related Articles, Links Low-frequency renal sympathetic nerve activity, arterial BP, stationary "1/f noise," and the baroreflex. Am J Physiol. 1999 Sep;277(3 Pt 2):R894-903. PMID: 10484509 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 146: Kawada T, Sato T, Shishido T, Inagaki M, Tatewaki T, Yanagiya Y, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Summation of dynamic transfer characteristics of left and right carotid sinus baroreflexes in rabbits. Am J Physiol. 1999 Sep;277(3 Pt 2):H857-65. PMID: 10484404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 147: Smith ML, Joglar JA, Wasmund SL, Carlson MD, Welch PJ, Hamdan MH, Quan K, Page RL. Related Articles, Links Reflex control of sympathetic activity during simulated ventricular tachycardia in humans. Circulation. 1999 Aug 10;100(6):628-34. PMID: 10441100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 148: Ricketts JH, Head GA. Related Articles, Links A five-parameter logistic equation for investigating asymmetry of curvature in baroreflex studies. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277(2 Pt 2):R441-54. PMID: 10444551 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 149: Hamdan MH, Joglar JA, Page RL, Zagrodzky JD, Sheehan CJ, Wasmund SL, Smith ML. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex gain predicts blood pressure recovery during simulated ventricular tachycardia in humans. Circulation. 1999 Jul 27;100(4):381-6. PMID: 10421598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 150: Sato T, Kawada T, Shishido T, Sugimachi M, Alexander J Jr, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Novel therapeutic strategy against central baroreflex failure: a bionic baroreflex system. Circulation. 1999 Jul 20;100(3):299-304. PMID: 10411856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 151: Iellamo F, Pizzinelli P, Massaro M, Raimondi G, Peruzzi G, Legramante JM. Related Articles, Links Muscle metaboreflex contribution to sinus node regulation during static exercise: insights from spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Circulation. 1999 Jul 6;100(1):27-32. PMID: 10393677 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 152: Norton KH, Gallagher KM, Smith SA, Querry RG, Welch-O'Connor RM, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Carotid baroreflex function during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Jul;87(1):339-47. PMID: 10409593 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 153: Norton KH, Boushel R, Strange S, Saltin B, Raven PB. Related Articles, Links Resetting of the carotid arterial baroreflex during dynamic exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Jul;87(1):332-8. PMID: 10409592 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 154: Sato T, Kawada T, Inagaki M, Shishido T, Takaki H, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links New analytic framework for understanding sympathetic baroreflex control of arterial pressure. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jun;276(6 Pt 2):H2251-61. PMID: 10362709 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 155: Izzo JL Jr, Taylor AA. Related Articles, Links The sympathetic nervous system and baroreflexes in hypertension and hypotension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 1999 Jun;1(3):254-63. Review. PMID: 10981075 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 156: van de Borne P, Heron S, Nguyen H, Unger P, Leeman M, Vincent JL, Degaute JP. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreflex control of the sinus node during dobutamine exercise stress testing. Hypertension. 1999 Apr;33(4):987-91. PMID: 10205235 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 157: Lumbers ER, Yu ZY. Related Articles, Links A method for determining baroreflex-mediated sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. J Physiol. 1999 Mar 1;515 ( Pt 2):555-66. PMID: 10050021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 158: Kulics JM, Collins HL, DiCarlo SE. Related Articles, Links Postexercise hypotension is mediated by reductions in sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 2):H27-32. PMID: 9887013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 159: Urzua J, Sauma E, Cipriano A, Guarini M, Zapata P. Related Articles, Links A model of internal control may improve the response time of an automatic arterial pressure controller. Biol Res. 1999;32(2-3):93-100. PMID: 10883323 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 160: Hasan Z, Thomas JS. Related Articles, Links Kinematic redundancy. Prog Brain Res. 1999;123:379-87. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 10635732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 161: Burger HR, Chandler MP, Rodenbaugh DW, DiCarlo SE. Related Articles, Links Dynamic exercise shifts the operating point and reduces the gain of the arterial baroreflex in rats. Am J Physiol. 1998 Dec;275(6 Pt 2):R2043-8. PMID: 9843895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 162: Ursino M. Related Articles, Links Interaction between carotid baroregulation and the pulsating heart: a mathematical model. Am J Physiol. 1998 Nov;275(5 Pt 2):H1733-47. PMID: 9815081 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 163: Chandler MP, Rodenbaugh DW, DiCarlo SE. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreflex resetting mediates postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and heart rate. Am J Physiol. 1998 Nov;275(5 Pt 2):H1627-34. PMID: 9815070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 164: Scislo TJ, Augustyniak RA, O'Leary DS. Related Articles, Links Differential arterial baroreflex regulation of renal, lumbar, and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in the rat. Am J Physiol. 1998 Oct;275(4 Pt 2):R995-R1002. PMID: 9756527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 165: Fu Q, Sugiyama Y, Kamiya A, Shamsuzzaman AS, Mano T. Related Articles, Links Effects of lower body positive pressure on muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Environ Med. 1998 Oct;42(1):76-8. PMID: 12212620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 166: Narkiewicz K, van de Borne PJ, Hausberg M, Cooley RL, Winniford MD, Davison DE, Somers VK. Related Articles, Links Cigarette smoking increases sympathetic outflow in humans. Circulation. 1998 Aug 11;98(6):528-34. PMID: 9714109 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 167: Porta A, Baselli G, Liberati D, Montano N, Cogliati C, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Malliani A, Cerutti S. Related Articles, Links Measuring regularity by means of a corrected conditional entropy in sympathetic outflow. Biol Cybern. 1998 Jan;78(1):71-8. PMID: 9485587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 168: Sunagawa K, Ikeda Y, Kawada T, Sugimachi M, Shishido T, Sato T, Miyano H, Matsuura W, Inagaki M, Alexander J Jr. Related Articles, Links Dynamic control of arterial blood pressure by the sympathetic baroreflex. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1998;12 Suppl 1:23s-28s. No abstract available. PMID: 9794137 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 169: Pagani M, Lucini D. Related Articles, Links Sympathetic contribution to blood pressure variability. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1998;12 Suppl 1:42s-47s. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 9794140 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 170: Haller J, Makara GB, Kruk MR. Related Articles, Links Catecholaminergic involvement in the control of aggression: hormones, the peripheral sympathetic, and central noradrenergic systems. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998;22(1):85-97. Review. PMID: 9491941 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 171: Burgess DE, Hundley JC, Li SG, Randall DC, Brown DR. Related Articles, Links First-order differential-delay equation for the baroreflex predicts the 0.4-Hz blood pressure rhythm in rats. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 2):R1878-84. PMID: 9435640 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 172: Chefer SI, Talan MI, Engel BT. Related Articles, Links Central neural correlates of learned heart rate control during exercise: central command demystified. J Appl Physiol. 1997 Nov;83(5):1448-53. PMID: 9375304 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 173: Matveev EV, Nadezhdin DS. Related Articles, Links [Parametrization of an experimental model of assimilation of rhythmic stimuli in a Rhythmotest device] Med Tekh. 1997 Nov-Dec;(6):15-9. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 9460658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 174: Matveev EV. Related Articles, Links [Use of an experimental space-time prediction model to design instruments for evaluation of higher nervous activity in man] Med Tekh. 1997 Nov-Dec;(6):12-5. Russian. PMID: 9460657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 175: Eremeev VS, Khrustaleva RS, Tsyrlin VA, Shcherbin IuI, Balashov NV. Related Articles, Links [Study of the central and peripheral mechanisms in enhancement of arterial baroreflex in cats during noradrenaline infusion] Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1997 Nov-Dec;83(11-12):115-21. Russian. PMID: 9541963 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 176: DiCarlo SE, Stahl LK, Bishop VS. Related Articles, Links Daily exercise attenuates the sympathetic nerve response to exercise by enhancing cardiac afferents. Am J Physiol. 1997 Sep;273(3 Pt 2):H1606-10. PMID: 9321855 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 177: Vasquez EC, Meyrelles SS, Mauad H, Cabral AM. Related Articles, Links Neural reflex regulation of arterial pressure in pathophysiological conditions: interplay among the baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary reflexes and the chemoreflex. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1997 Apr;30(4):521-32. Review. PMID: 9251774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 178: Rowell LB. Related Articles, Links Neural control of muscle blood flow: importance during dynamic exercise. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1997 Feb;24(2):117-25. Review. PMID: 9075582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 179: Mancia G, Grassi G, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Related Articles, Links The sympathetic nervous system in human hypertension. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1997;640:117-21. Review. PMID: 9401621 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 180: Korner P. Related Articles, Links Shifting the circulatory control paradigm. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1997;640:30-3. Review. PMID: 9401601 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 181: Hasser EM, Bishop VS, Hay M. Related Articles, Links Interactions between vasopressin and baroreflex control of the sympathetic nervous system. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1997 Jan;24(1):102-8. Review. PMID: 9043814 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 182: Osborn JW. Related Articles, Links The sympathetic nervous system and long-term regulation of arterial pressure: what are the critical questions? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1997 Jan;24(1):68-71. Review. PMID: 9043808 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 183: Raven PB, Potts JT, Shi X. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex regulation of blood pressure during dynamic exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1997;25:365-89. Review. PMID: 9213098 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 184: Malpas SC, Bendle RD, Head GA, Ricketts JH. Related Articles, Links Frequency and amplitude of sympathetic discharges by baroreflexes during hypoxia in conscious rabbits. Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 2):H2563-74. PMID: 8997317 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 185: Ikeda Y, Kawada T, Sugimachi M, Kawaguchi O, Shishido T, Sato T, Miyano H, Matsuura W, Alexander J Jr, Sunagawa K. Related Articles, Links Neural arc of baroreflex optimizes dynamic pressure regulation in achieving both stability and quickness. Am J Physiol. 1996 Sep;271(3 Pt 2):H882-90. PMID: 8853321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 186: Gutterman DD, Goodson A. Related Articles, Links Role of parabrachial nucleus in baroreflex-mediated coronary vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol. 1996 Sep;271(3 Pt 2):H1079-86. PMID: 8853344 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 187: Gan'shina TS, Mirzoian NR. Related Articles, Links [The effect of calcium channel blockers on activity in the sympathetic nerves, on the vasomotor reflex and on cerebral circulation] Eksp Klin Farmakol. 1996 Sep-Oct;59(5):12-7. Russian. PMID: 9026200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 188: Nosaka S. Related Articles, Links Modifications of arterial baroreflexes: obligatory roles in cardiovascular regulation in stress and poststress recovery. Jpn J Physiol. 1996 Aug;46(4):271-88. Review. PMID: 8988438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 189: DiCarlo SE, Chen CY, Collins HL. Related Articles, Links Onset of exercise increases lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Jun;28(6):677-84. PMID: 8784755 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 190: Vissing SF, Hjortso EM. Related Articles, Links Central motor command activates sympathetic outflow to the cutaneous circulation in humans. J Physiol. 1996 May 1;492 ( Pt 3):931-9. PMID: 8735003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 191: Heesch CM, Crandall ME, Turbek JA. Related Articles, Links Converting enzyme inhibitors cause pressure-independent resetting of baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow. Am J Physiol. 1996 Apr;270(4 Pt 2):R728-37. PMID: 8967400 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 192: Drummond HA, Seagard JL. Related Articles, Links Acute baroreflex resetting: differential control of pressure and nerve activity. Hypertension. 1996 Mar;27(3 Pt 1):442-8. PMID: 8698451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 193: Pilowsky P. Related Articles, Links Good vibrations? Respiratory rhythms in the central control of blood pressure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995 Sep;22(9):594-604. Review. PMID: 8542669 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 194: Sugiyama Y, Matsukawa T, Inamura K, Zaman AS, Mano T. Related Articles, Links Arterial baroreflex gain for muscle sympathetic nerve activity during head-up tilting in humans. Environ Med. 1995 Aug;39(1):81-4. PMID: 11540543 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 195: Chapleau MW, Cunningham JT, Sullivan MJ, Wachtel RE, Abboud FM. Related Articles, Links Structural versus functional modulation of the arterial baroreflex. Hypertension. 1995 Aug;26(2):341-7. Review. PMID: 7543454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 196: Sawano F, Shibamoto T, Hayashi T, Saeki Y. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex attenuation after hypotension induced by vena caval occlusion in anesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol. 1995 Apr;268(4 Pt 2):R859-64. PMID: 7733394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 197: Upledger JE. Related Articles, Links Craniosacral therapy. Phys Ther. 1995 Apr;75(4):328-30. No abstract available. PMID: 7899490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 198: Heesch CM, Rogers RC. Related Articles, Links Effects of pregnancy and progesterone metabolites on regulation of sympathetic outflow. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995 Feb;22(2):136-42. PMID: 7621607 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 199: Korner PI. Related Articles, Links Cardiac baroreflex in hypertension: role of the heart and angiotensin II. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1995 Jan-Feb;17(1-2):425-39. Review. PMID: 7735287 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 200: Julien C, Zhang ZQ, Barres C. Related Articles, Links How sympathetic tone maintains or alters arterial pressure. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1995;9(4):343-9. Review. PMID: 8566933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 201: Bishop VS. Related Articles, Links Central nervous system regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. New Horiz. 1994 Nov;2(4):415-8. Review. PMID: 7804790 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 202: Matsukawa T, Sugiyama Y, Iwase S, Mano T. Related Articles, Links Effects of aging on the arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in healthy subjects. Environ Med. 1994;38(1):81-4. PMID: 12703521 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 203: Bishop VS, Hay M. Related Articles, Links Involvement of the area postrema in the regulation of sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1993 Apr;14(2):57-75. Review. PMID: 8486207 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 204: Yambe T, Nitta S, Katahira Y, Sonobe T, Naganuma S, Kakinuma Y, Akiho H, Izutsu K, Kikuchi Y, Tanaka M, et al. Related Articles, Links Dependence of baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic outflow on biventricular assist device driving frequency. Artif Organs. 1993 Jan;17(1):18-23. PMID: 8422228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 205: Takeuchi Y, Ikeda T, Takeuchi S, Ito H, Sugiyama Y, Matsukawa T, Iwase S, Mano T. Related Articles, Links Effect of metoclopramide on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Environ Med. 1993;37(1):95-8. PMID: 12269352 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 206: Rowell LB. Related Articles, Links Reflex control of the circulation during exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S25-7. Review. PMID: 1483781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 207: DiCarlo SE, Bishop VS. Related Articles, Links Onset of exercise shifts operating point of arterial baroreflex to higher pressures. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jan;262(1 Pt 2):H303-7. PMID: 1733319 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 208: Turner DL. Related Articles, Links Cardiovascular and respiratory control mechanisms during exercise: an integrated view. J Exp Biol. 1991 Oct;160:309-40. Review. PMID: 1960517 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 209: Russ R, Abdel-Rahman AR, Wooles WR. Related Articles, Links Role of the sympathetic nervous system in ethanol-induced hypertension in rats. Alcohol. 1991 Jul-Aug;8(4):301-7. PMID: 1872991 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 210: Hajduczok G, Hade JS, Mark AL, Williams JL, Felder RB. Related Articles, Links Central command increases sympathetic nerve activity during spontaneous locomotion in cats. Circ Res. 1991 Jul;69(1):66-75. PMID: 2054943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 211: Head GA. Related Articles, Links Cardiovascular functions of central noradrenergic neurons in rabbits. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1991 Jan;18(1):51-4. PMID: 1674453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 212: Rowell LB, O'Leary DS. Related Articles, Links Reflex control of the circulation during exercise: chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes. J Appl Physiol. 1990 Aug;69(2):407-18. Review. PMID: 2228848 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 213: Julius S, Weder AB. Related Articles, Links Brain and the regulation of blood pressure: a hemodynamic perspective. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1989;11 Suppl 1:1-19. Review. PMID: 2663243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 214: Chapleau MW, Hajduczok G, Abboud FM. Related Articles, Links Peripheral and central mechanisms of baroreflex resetting. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl. 1989;15:31-43. Review. PMID: 2680188 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 215: Chapleau MW, Hajduczok G, Abboud FM. Related Articles, Links New insights into the influence of pulsatile pressure on the arterial baroreceptor reflex. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1988;10 Suppl 1:179-91. Review. PMID: 3072123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 216: Miyakawa K. Related Articles, Links Mechanisms of blood pressure oscillation caused by central nervous system ischemic response. Jpn J Physiol. 1988;38(4):399-425. Review. PMID: 3070104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 217: Shepherd JT. Related Articles, Links Circulatory response to exercise in health. Circulation. 1987 Dec;76(6 Pt 2):VI3-10. Review. PMID: 3315298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 218: Malliani A. Related Articles, Links "Central command" and sympathetic activation. Funct Neurol. 1987 Oct-Dec;2(4):439-44. PMID: 3443366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 219: deBoer RW, Karemaker JM, Strackee J. Related Articles, Links Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am J Physiol. 1987 Sep;253(3 Pt 2):H680-9. PMID: 3631301 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 220: Voke J. Related Articles, Links The nervous system. Reflex action. Nurs Times. 1986 Oct 1-7;82(40):52-3. No abstract available. PMID: 3640407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 221: Medvedev OS, Vylegzhanin AG, Matsievskii DD, Romanov AF. Related Articles, Links [Structure of hemodynamic responses in the central command to move] Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1981 Nov;67(11):1676-82. Russian. PMID: 7327279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 222: Littell EH. Related Articles, Links Neural regulation of cardiovascular response to exercise: Part II. Phys Ther. 1981 Oct;61(10):1411-8. PMID: 7280020 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 223: Bligh J. Related Articles, Links [Is central control of temperature stability an example of homeostasis? (discussion of the theories and evidence)] Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1981 Jul;67(7):1068-78. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 7286322 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 224: Medvedev OS, Vylegzhanin AG. Related Articles, Links [Somato-autonomic coupling in the central command to move] Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1981 Apr;67(4):593-8. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 7250433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 225: Montanari C, De Cristofaro A, Vergani A, Biagi GC, Rossi E, Brina A. Related Articles, Links [Preliminary considerations on the variations of arterial pressure under exertion: role of kinins and the adrenergic system] Boll Soc Ital Cardiol. 1981;26(12):2357-8. Italian. No abstract available. PMID: 6764362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 226: McCloskey DI. Related Articles, Links Centrally-generated commands and cardiovascular control in man. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1981;3(3):369-78. PMID: 7249874 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 227: Korner PI. Related Articles, Links The central nervous system and its operation in cardiovascular control. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1981;3(3):343-68. PMID: 7249873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 228: Dubrovina ZV, Blinova LT, Makarova LP. Related Articles, Links Accuracy of the motor response as an indicator of the functional state of the CNS. Hum Physiol. 1980 Nov-Dec;6(6):436-43. No abstract available. PMID: 7262884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 229: Bekhtereva NP, Bundzen PV, Gogolitsyn YuL, Ilyukhina VA, Medvedev SV. Related Articles, Links Physiological correlates of states and activity in the central nervous system [review]. Hum Physiol. 1980 Sep-Oct;6(5):367-80. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 7016723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 230: Nassif M. Related Articles, Links [Arterial pressure regulation] Arq Bras Cardiol. 1979 Dec;33(6):435-40. Portuguese. No abstract available. PMID: 550783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 231: Derevenco P, Sovrea I, Stoica N, Ivanof L, Marin G, Vaida A. Related Articles, Links The effects of central chemical sympathectomy on the response to exercise in rats. Physiologie. 1978 Oct-Dec;15(4):215-9. No abstract available. PMID: 106404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 232: Iriki M, Dorward P, Korner PI. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex "resetting" by arterial hypoxia in the renal and cardiac sympathetic nerves of the rabbit. Pflugers Arch. 1977 Jul 29;370(1):1-7. PMID: 561376 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 233: Treese N, Niemczyk H, Reuther P, Rochel M. Related Articles, Links [Animal-experiment studies on the effect of supramedullary, central nervous structures on arterial blood pressure and myocardial contractility] Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med. 1974;80:232-4. German. No abstract available. PMID: 4454530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 234: Werner J, Vossius G. Related Articles, Links [Identification of the effective feedback of the saccadic eye movements by the CNS] Kybernetik. 1972 Feb;10(2):98-102. German. No abstract available. PMID: 5028695 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 235: Harris FA. Related Articles, Links Multiple-loop modulation of motor outflow. A physiological basis for facilitation techniques. Phys Ther. 1971 Apr;51(4):391-7. No abstract available. PMID: 5549146 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 236: Kukura J, Bajuzikova A, Sobota E. Related Articles, Links [Method for recording of micropauses in reading and possibility of its utilization] Bratisl Lek Listy. 1971;55(1):39-46. Slovak. No abstract available. PMID: 5549024 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 237: Suzuki R, Katsuno I, Matano K. Related Articles, Links Dynamics of "neuron ring". Computer simulation of central nervous system of starfish. Kybernetik. 1971 Jan;8(1):39-45. No abstract available. PMID: 5558431 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 238: Rabinovici OA. Related Articles, Links [The sympathetic motor supporting system and its bases] Neurol Psihiatr Neurochir. 1970 Nov-Dec;15(6):529-36. Romanian. No abstract available. PMID: 5502736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 239: Manchanda SK. Related Articles, Links Central nervous control of cardiac activity. I. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1970 Apr;14(2):111-9 contd. No abstract available. PMID: 5509017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 240: Smotrov VA. Related Articles, Links [The effect of hypothermia on the summation of excitation in the central apparatus of an unconditioned reflex] Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1968 Aug;66(8):12-4. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 5758490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 241: Vakoliuk NI. Related Articles, Links [Central representation of the unconditioned food reflex] Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1968 Mar;54(3):290-4. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 5735804 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 242: Navas F, Stark L. Related Articles, Links Sampling or intermittency in hand control system dynamics. Biophys J. 1968 Feb;8(2):252-302. No abstract available. PMID: 5639937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 243: Maksimova OF, Okhrimenko AP, Vasilenko IuI, Bolsunova MIa. Related Articles, Links [Working conditions of operators at block thermo-electric power stations] Gig Sanit. 1968 Feb;33(2):27-31. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 5728755 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 244: Tedeschi DH, Fowler PJ, Fujita T, Miller RB. Related Articles, Links Mechanisms underlying reserpine-induced ptosis and blepharospasm: evidence that reserpine decreases central sympathetic outflow in rats. Life Sci. 1967 Mar 1;6(5):515-23. No abstract available. PMID: 6033037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 245: Brotzu G, Boreo GC, Usai E. Related Articles, Links [Role of the peripheral sympathetic system in the regulation of arterial pressure during extracorporeal circulation with hemodilution] Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1966 Jun 30;42(12):713-5. Italian. No abstract available. PMID: 5973321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 246: Treptow K, Hecht K, Baumann R. Related Articles, Links [Significance of the experimental situation and its informative values for glycemic regulation] Acta Biol Med Ger. 1965;15(6):712-24. German. No abstract available. PMID: 5884599 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 247: KOJIMA K, KURIYA S, TANABE T, NIIMI K, WATANABE I, KIRIBUCHI K, YOSHIDA N, SAKURAI T, TANABE Y, TANABE N. Related Articles, Links [On systemic blood pressure and blood pressure in the fundus oculi in diabetic retinitis. 1. On the natural correspondence and reverse correspondence of central arterial pressure of the retina to systemic blood pressure.] Rinsho Ganka. 1963 Jan;17:7-19. Japanese. No abstract available. PMID: 14034288 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966] 248: WILSON MF, CLARKE NP, SMITH OA, RUSHMER RF. Related Articles, Links Interrelation between central and peripheral mechanisms regulating blood pressure. Circ Res. 1961 May;9:491-6. No abstract available. PMID: 13785695 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966] 249: PAGE IH, MCCUBBIN JW. Related Articles, Links The variable arterial pressure response to serotonin in laboratory animals and man. Circ Res. 1953 Jul;1(4):354-62. No abstract available. PMID: 13059881 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966] 1: Lipman RD, Grossman P, Bridges SE, Hamner JW, Taylor JA. Related Articles, Links Mental stress response, arterial stiffness, and baroreflex sensitivity in healthy aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Jul;57(7):B279-84. PMID: 12084798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Goldstein DS, Eldadah BA, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Saleem A, Sharabi Y. Related Articles, Links Neurocirculatory abnormalities in Parkinson disease with orthostatic hypotension: independence from levodopa treatment. Hypertension. 2005 Dec;46(6):1333-9. Epub 2005 Oct 10. PMID: 16216982 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 2: Tipre DN, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Cardiac and extracardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension and in pure autonomic failure. J Nucl Med. 2005 Nov;46(11):1775-81. PMID: 16269589 [PubMed - in process] 13: Goldstein DS, Eldadah B, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Sharabi Y. Related Articles, Links Neurocirculatory abnormalities in chronic orthostatic intolerance. Circulation. 2005 Feb 22;111(7):839-45. Epub 2005 Feb 7. PMID: 15699262 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 34: Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Dysautonomia in Parkinson's disease: neurocardiological abnormalities. Lancet Neurol. 2003 Nov;2(11):669-76. Review. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2004 Jan;3(1):68. PMID: 14572735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 39: Goldstein DS, Pechnik S, Holmes C, Eldadah B, Sharabi Y. Related Articles, Links Association between supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension. 2003 Aug;42(2):136-42. Epub 2003 Jun 30. Erratum in: Hypertension. 2003 Oct;43(4):e12. PMID: 12835329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 40: Sharabi Y, Dendi R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Baroreflex failure as a late sequela of neck irradiation. Hypertension. 2003 Jul;42(1):110-6. Epub 2003 Jun 2. PMID: 12782644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 48: Sharabi Y, Li ST, Dendi R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Neurotransmitter specificity of sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2003 Mar 25;60(6):1036-9. PMID: 12654979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 50: Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Naqibuddin M, Dendi R, Snader S, Calkins H. Related Articles, Links Sympathoadrenal imbalance before neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Jan 1;91(1):53-8. PMID: 12505571 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 51: Tack CJ, van Gurp PJ, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Local sympathetic denervation in painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3545-53. PMID: 12453912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 53: Goldstein DS, Robertson D, Esler M, Straus SE, Eisenhofer G. Related Articles, Links Dysautonomias: clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Nov 5;137(9):753-63. Review. PMID: 12416949 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 54: Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Dendi R, Cannon RO 3rd, Sharabi Y, Esler MD, Eisenhofer G. Related Articles, Links Cardiac sympathetic dysautonomia in chronic orthostatic intolerance syndromes. Circulation. 2002 Oct 29;106(18):2358-65. PMID: 12403667 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 57: Li ST, Dendi R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Progressive loss of cardiac sympathetic innervation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2002 Aug;52(2):220-3. PMID: 12210793 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 57: Li ST, Dendi R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Progressive loss of cardiac sympathetic innervation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2002 Aug;52(2):220-3. PMID: 12210793 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 66: Bruce S, Tack C, Patel J, Pacak K, Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links Local sympathetic function in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue assessed by microdialysis. Clin Auton Res. 2002 Feb;12(1):13-9. PMID: 12102443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 70: Goldstein DS, Li ST, Kopin IJ. Related Articles, Links Sympathetic neurocirculatory failure in Parkinson disease: Evidence for an etiologic role of alpha-synuclein. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Dec 4;135(11):1010-1. No abstract available. PMID: 11730415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 78: Elman I, Goldstein DS, Adler CM, Shoaf SE, Breier A. Related Articles, Links Inverse relationship between plasma epinephrine and testosterone levels during acute glucoprivation in healthy men. Life Sci. 2001 Mar 9;68(16):1889-98. PMID: 11292066 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 79: Goldstein DS, Frank SM. Related Articles, Links The wisdom of the body revisited: the adrenomedullary response to mild core hypothermia in humans. Endocr Regul. 2001 Mar;35(1):3-7. PMID: 11308990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 82: Goldstein DS, Tack C. Related Articles, Links Noninvasive detection of sympathetic neurocirculatory failure. Clin Auton Res. 2000 Oct;10(5):285-91. PMID: 11198484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 91: Goldstein DS. Related Articles, Links A new sign of sympathetic neurocirculatory failure: premature ventricular contraction as a "one-beat Valsalva maneuver". Clin Auton Res. 2000 Apr;10(2):63-7. PMID: 10823337 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 1: Leung RS, Huber MA, Rogge T, Maimon N, Chiu KL, Bradley TD. Links Association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep apnea. Sleep. 2005 Dec 1;28(12):1543-6. PMID: 16408413 [PubMed - in process] "CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is a markedly increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea in the absence of congestive heart failure. Moreover, the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea is not explainable by the presence of hypertension or nocturnal oxygen desaturation, since both of these were more strongly associated with obstructive sleep apnea." 1: Guilleminault C, Kirisoglu C, Poyares D, Palombini L, Leger D, Farid-Moayer M, Ohayon MM. Related Articles, Links Upper airway resistance syndrome: A long-term outcome study. J Psychiatr Res. 2006 Apr;40(3):273-9. PMID: 16473570 [PubMed - in process] "CONCLUSIONS: Many UARS patients remained untreated following initial evaluation. Worsening of symptoms of insomnia, fatigue and depressive mood were seen with absence of treatment of UARS." 1: Parambil JG, Olson EJ, Shepard JW Jr, Harris CD, Schniepp BJ, Schembari EE, Morgenthaler TI. Related Articles, Links Effect of shifting costs to patients on specialty evaluation for sleep disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Feb;81(2):185-9. PMID: 16471072 [PubMed - in process] "CONCLUSION: The insurance policy changes that resulted in larger employee co-payments shifted the spectrum of diagnoses seen at the Sleep Disorders Center toward more symptomatic patients, with more associated comorbidities, and patients who had more severe sleep-related breathing disorders. Total utilization did not decrease." 1: Leng PH, Mosharraf-Hossain AK, Chan YH, Tan WC. Related Articles, Links The Clinical Predictors of Hypertension and Sleepiness in an Asian Population with Sleep-disordered Breathing. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2006 Jan;35(1):6-5. PMID: 16470267 [PubMed - in process] 1: Martinez-Garcia MA, Galiano-Blancart R, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Cabero-Salt L, Roman-Sanchez P. Related Articles, Links Improvement in nocturnal disordered breathing after first-ever ischemic stroke: role of Dysphagia. Chest. 2006 Feb;129(2):238-45. PMID: 16478837 [PubMed - in process] "CONCLUSION: The present study shows significant improvement in the number obstructive apneic events occurring in the stable phase of a first-ever ischemic stroke in patients with transient pharyngeal muscle alterations secondary to the neurologic lesion." 1: Olson LJ, Somers VK. Related Articles, Links Modulation of cardiovascular risk factors by obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2006 Feb;129(2):218-20. No abstract available. PMID: 16478831 [PubMed - in process] 1: O'Brien LM, Gozal D. Related Articles, Links Autonomic dysfunction in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep. 2005 Jun 1;28(6):747-52. PMID: 16477962 [PubMed - in process] CONCLUSION: Children with sleep-disordered breathing have altered autonomic nervous system regulation as evidenced by increased sympathetic vascular reactivity during wakefulness. 1: Bourke SC, Tomlinson M, Williams TL, Bullock RE, Shaw PJ, Gibson GJ. Related Articles, Links Effects of non-invasive ventilation on survival and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Feb;5(2):140-7. PMID: 16426990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] "INTERPRETATION: In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without severe bulbar dysfunction, NIV improves survival with maintenance of, and improvement in, quality of life. The survival benefit from NIV in this group is much greater than that from currently available neuroprotective therapy. In patients with severe bulbar impairment, NIV improves sleep-related symptoms, but is unlikely to confer a large survival advantage." 1: Shi D, Das J, Das G. Related Articles, Links Inflammatory bowel disease requires the interplay between innate and adaptive immune signals. Cell Res. 2006 Jan;16(1):70-4. PMID: 16467877 [PubMed - in process] 1: van Orshoven NP, Andriesse GI, van Schelven LJ, Smout AJ, Akkermans LM, Oey PL. Related Articles, Links Subtle involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2006 Feb;16(1):33-9. PMID: 16477493 [PubMed - in process] 1: Visontai Z, Merisch B, Kollai M, Hollo G. Links Increase of carotid artery stiffness and decrease of baroreflex sensitivity in exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Feb 17; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16488931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 1: Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E, Gottlieb DJ, Nawabit R, Kirchner HL, Sahadevan J, Redline S. Related Articles, Links Association of Nocturnal Arrhythmias with Sleep-disordered Breathing: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Apr 15;173(8):910-6. Epub 2006 Jan 19. PMID: 16424443 [PubMed - in process] "Conclusions: Individuals with severe sleep-disordered breathing have two- to fourfold higher odds of complex arrhythmias than those without sleep-disordered breathing even after adjustment for potential confounders." 1: Huang J, Sahin M, Durand DM. Related Articles, Links Dilation of the oropharynx via selective stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve. J Neural Eng. 2005 Dec;2(4):73-80. Epub 2005 Aug 15. PMID: 16317230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] These results suggest that selective HG nerve stimulation can be a useful technique to produce multiple tongue activation patterns that can dilate the pharynx. This may in turn increase the size of the patient population who can benefit from HG nerve stimulation as a treatment method for obstructive sleep apnea.

More Latest Research from PubMed.............